The textile industry is one of the most popular industries in Indonesia. Although it’s giving a positive value towards economic value, it also contributes a bed effect towards environmental quality. One of those industries is small-scale laundry industry located in Kelurahan Sukabumi Selatan, West of Jakarta. The lack of land and money, most of the jeans laundry industry throws away their wastewater straight to the river system without any process. The present study describes the application plastic media called bio-ball as a biofilter supporting media for treating of jeans laundry industry wastewater using combined anaerobic and aerobic process. The type of reactor that is used in this research is a continuous flow biological reactor which has total volume 195 litter and divided into 5 zones, i.e. presedimentation , 2 anoxic zone, aerobic zone and post sedimentation zone. Reactor effluent is recirculated into presedimentation zone with hydraulic recycle ratio (HRR) 1:1. Seeding is done in a natural way by directly flowing the domestic wastewater into reactor with retention time 72 hours, until a biofilm layer is formed on the surface of bio-ball media. Acclimatization is done gradually by replacing domestic with laundry jeans wastewater in 72 hours retention time, until domestic wastewater was 100 % replaced, The main research were conducting by continuous operation under condition 72 hours, 48 hours and 24 hours retention time. The result of experiment shows that within the combined anaerobic and aerobic process using bio-ball plastic media under conditions 1 - 3 days retention time, the removal efficiency of COD 78 – 91 %, BOD 85 – 92 %, Total Suspended Solids (TSS) 80 – 93 %, and Colour 48 – 57 % respectively.  The longer retention time has resulted in higher removal efficiency

Most of the leachate treatment in Indonesia using pond system, that is maturation ponds, anaerobic ponds, stabilization ponds, and continued using wetland. The weakness of this technology is long retention time (between 30-50 days), thus the building a pond requires a wide area. In addition, the processed leachate is over quality standards to be discharged into the environment agency. To overcome these problems, one alternative is to use a combination of processing leachate within anaerobic-aerobic biofilter and denitrification. The technology is expected to shorten the residence time, so that the land required for the processing of leachate is not too extensive . The processed leachate is also expected to meet the quality standards are allowed to be discharged into the environment. Leachate treatment using anaerobic - aerobic biofilter and the denitrification process with a total hidraulic retention time of 12 day, the retention time in the anaerobic reactor 8 ( eight ) days , the retention time in the aerobic reactor 3 (three) days and retention time in the denitrification reactor 1 (one) day can be generated COD removal efficiency of 97 %, ammonia removal efficiency of 97.56 %, TSS removal  efficiency 87.5 % , and nitrate removal efficiency of 86.4 % Keywords : Anaerob-aerob biofilter, denitrification, leachate.

Water disinfection means the removal, deactivation or killing of pathogenic microorganisms. Microorganisms are destroyed or deactivated, resulting in termination of growth and reproduction. When microorganisms are not removed from drinking water, drinking water usage will cause people to fall ill. Chemical inactivation of microbiological contamination in natural or untreated water is usually one of the final steps to reduce pathogenic microorganisms in drinking water. Combinations of water purification steps (oxidation, coagulation, settling, disinfection, and filtration) cause (drinking) water to be safe after production. As an extra measure many countries apply a second disinfection step at the end of the water purification process, in order to protect the water from microbiological contamination in the water distribution system. Usually one uses a different kind of disinfectant from the one earlier in the process, during this disinfection process. The secondary disinfection makes sure that bacteria will not multiply in the water during distribution. This paper describes several technique of disinfection process for drinking water treatment. Disinfection can be attained by means of physical or chemical disinfectants. The agents also remove organic contaminants from water, which serve as nutrients or shelters for microorganisms. Disinfectants should not only kill microorganisms. Disinfectants must also have a residual effect, which means that they remain active in the water after disinfection. For chemical disinfection of water the following disinfectants can be used such as Chlorine (Cl2),  Hypo chlorite (OCl-), Chloramines, Chlorine dioxide (ClO2), Ozone (O3), Hydrogen peroxide etch. For physical disinfection of water the following disinfectants can be used is Ultraviolet light (UV). Every technique has its specific advantages and and disadvantages its own application area sucs as environmentally friendly, disinfection byproducts, effectivity, investment, operational costs etc. Kata Kunci : Disinfeksi, bakteria, virus, air minum, khlor, hip khlorit, khloramine, khlor dioksida, ozon, UV.

Small amounts of iron and manganese are quite common in domestic water supply because of the presence of iron and manganese in the soil and rock formations through which the water passes in reaching the point of use. Iron and manganese is characterized by red-brown staining of bathroom fixtures and laundry, and cause taste and odor problems. Iron and manganese are brought into solution by biological reactions under anaerobic reducing conditions. When the water is exposed to air or oxygen, oxidation of iron and manganese occurs slowly, forming objectionable colloidal precipitates. The deposition of these precipitates will stain plumbing fixtures, interfere with laundering, and cause difficulties in water distribution systems by supporting growth of microorganisms such as clonotrix and crenotrix that can clog pipelines and cause taste and odor problems. Processes in which oxidation is followed by removal of suspended solids can effectively remove soluble iron and manganese from water. Three common processes for removing iron and manganese are: aeration-filtration, chlorination filtration, and potassium permanganate-manganese greensand filtration. This article describes these processes and present result from pilot’s studies of iron and manganese removal from water. Kata kunci : zat besi, mangan, aerasi, kkhlorinasi, filtrasi, mangan zeolit.

Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) treatment systems can be broadly categorised as either active or passive systems, which differ according to their ability to handle Acidity, flow rate and Acidity Load of the influent AMD.  Most passive and active systems utilise aggregate carbonate to neutralise the pH and encourage precipitation of metals as hydroxides or sulphide minerals.  In addition, passive treatment systems often use organic matter to provide alkalinity and create reducing conditions which favour the precipitation of metal sulphides.Active treatment systems can be engineered to accommodate essentially any acidity, flow rate and acidity load. Active treatment of AMD can be achieved using fixed plants or portable equipment for in-situ treatment. Passive treatment systems are almost invariably used for post closure treatment scenarios, and are best suited to AMD with low Acidity and low flow rates. The key factors in selection and design of active and passive AMD treatment systems are water chemistry including pH, metals, sulphate levels and redox state and flow rate of influent AMD, and the objectives of AMD treatment. Other important factors include capital and operating costs, availability of suitable treatment reagents or materials and sludge management issues. Keywords: Acid Mine Drainage, Active Treatment, Passive Treatment, Coal Mining.