Disinfeksi Untuk Proses Pengolahan Air Minum

Abstract

Water disinfection means the removal, deactivation or killing of pathogenic microorganisms. Microorganisms are destroyed or deactivated, resulting in termination of growth and reproduction. When microorganisms are not removed from drinking water, drinking water usage will cause people to fall ill. Chemical inactivation of microbiological contamination in natural or untreated water is usually one of the final steps to reduce pathogenic microorganisms in drinking water. Combinations of water purification steps (oxidation, coagulation, settling, disinfection, and filtration) cause (drinking) water to be safe after production. As an extra measure many countries apply a second disinfection step at the end of the water purification process, in order to protect the water from microbiological contamination in the water distribution system. Usually one uses a different kind of disinfectant from the one earlier in the process, during this disinfection process. The secondary disinfection makes sure that bacteria will not multiply in the water during distribution. This paper describes several technique of disinfection process for drinking water treatment. Disinfection can be attained by means of physical or chemical disinfectants. The agents also remove organic contaminants from water, which serve as nutrients or shelters for microorganisms. Disinfectants should not only kill microorganisms. Disinfectants must also have a residual effect, which means that they remain active in the water after disinfection. For chemical disinfection of water the following disinfectants can be used such as Chlorine (Cl2), Hypo chlorite (OCl-), Chloramines, Chlorine dioxide (ClO2), Ozone (O3), Hydrogen peroxide etch. For physical disinfection of water the following disinfectants can be used is Ultraviolet light (UV). Every technique has its specific advantages and and disadvantages its own application area sucs as environmentally friendly, disinfection byproducts, effectivity, investment, operational costs etc. Kata Kunci : Disinfeksi, bakteria, virus, air minum, khlor, hip khlorit, khloramine, khlor dioksida, ozon, UV.

Studies on decreasing Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) on artificial laundry wastewater using anaerobic-aerobic biofilter dipped with bio ball media

“…This is directly proportional to the visual observation of biofilms on each reactor which seems to be getting thickened along with the acclimatization phases. According to [25], increased efficiency of COD removal indicates the presence of microorganisms that have grown and degrade organic compounds contained in the wastewater. Graph of COD value reduction efficiency in the acclimation process can be seen in Fig.…”

“…Substitution of discharge values that not aligned may cause the biofilm contained in the reactor to be unable to adapt well as the hydraulic loads are inflated. According to [25], the change in flow discharge to be smaller than the previous operation may lead to a decrease in efficiency caused by the adaptation of microorganisms grown in the biofilter reactor to larger hydraulic loads. From the experimental results, it is also known that organic pollutant removal (COD) mostly occurs in an aerobic biofilter reactor.…”

Hygiene and Sanitation of Drinking Water Depot and Microbiology Quality of Drinking Water in Ngasem Primary Healthcare Area, Kediri, East Java

“…Ozon yang merupakan oksidator kuat akan bereaksi dengan zat besi dalam air, membentuk oksida besi yang tidak larut dalam air. Jika kadar zat besi relatif tinggi, air dapat berwarna kecoklatan, menimbulkan rasa yang khas dan kadang dapat terbentuk endapan coklat kehitaman (Said, 2007).…”

Risiko Fotoreaktivasi terhadap Kualitas Mikrobiologi Air Minum Isi Ulang

“…Berdasarkan kelebihan itulah sebagian besar depot air minum menggunakan metode ultraviolet untuk proses desinfeksi Hasil penelitian dibeberapa tempat menunjukkan hasil yang seragam, yaitu masih terdapat air minum dari depot air minum yang tidak memenuhi persyaratan kualitas mikrobilogi. Selain beberapa keuntungan yang didapat dengan menggunakan desinfeksi sinar UV juga terdapat beberapa kerugiannya yaitu: 1) Tidak ada residu disinfektan pada air yang telah diolah, sehingga diperlukan penambahan khlorin atau ozon setelah proses UV; 2) Pembentukan biofilm pada permukaan lampu; 3) Masalah dalam hal pemeliharaan dan pembersihan lampu UV; 4) Masih ada potensi terjadi fotoreaktivasi pada mikroba patogen yang telah diproses dengan UV (Said, 2007).…”

“…Walaupun total dan fecal coliform mengalami fotoreaktivasi, namun fecal streptococci tidak mengalami. Oleh karena itu air yang telah diolah dengan UV tidak boleh terpapar oleh cahaya visible selama penyimpanan (Said, 2007).…”