Background Vaccinium myrtillus leaves are known to be rich in phenols and have been used in traditional medicine as an antidiabetic remedy. This study evaluated the powder extract of V. myrtillus leaves obtained with the use of L-arginine and myo-inositol for anti-obesity and lipid-lowering potential in hamsters. Methods Standard phytochemical methods were used to determine the total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of the extract. The obesity condition was induced in Syrian hamsters by feeding them with highly palatable fat- and sugar-rich diet (40.3 kcal% fat) for 12 weeks. From the 10th week of diet feeding, the obese hamsters were treated with the powder extract of V. myrtillus leaves (15, 25 and 35 mg/kg/day, respectively) and "Styfimol" (6.2 mg/kg/day of hydroxycitric acid) as a positive control drug. At the end of the treatment period, the biochemical parameters as well as visceral fat mass were determined. Results Vaccinium myrtillus leaves powder extract at 25 and 35 mg/kg/day caused a significant reduction in body weight gain and visceral fat mass in obese hamsters. Serum triacylglycerols, free fatty acids, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were also significantly lower. Besides, the hamsters treated with powder extract at 25 and 35 mg/kg/day had the closest intact value ratio of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and LDL-C compared with positive control animals. Conclusions The results showed that V. myrtillus leaves powder extract is a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of obesity and obesity-induced diseases.

Досліджені фармакологічні властивості сухих екстрактів брусниці та чорниці з додаванням L-аргініну за умов експериментального метаболічного синдрому у щурів, індукованого високофруктозною дієтою. Виявлені більш виразні антиатерогенні властивості екстрактів чорниці порівняно з екстрактом брусниці. Зроблені висновки щодо перспективи застосування екстрактів досліджених рослин в якості потенційних субстратів для лікування та профілактики метаболічного синдрому. Ключові слова: брусниця (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.); чорниця (Vaccinium myrtillus L.

In recent years, herbal remedies gain the increasing popularity in the pharmacotherapy of many diseases. The number of people suffering from chronic pathology of the kidneys has steadily increased today. Phytopreparations would be useful for the pharmacological correction of chronic kidney disease. They can reduce the inflammatory process in the kidneys and, thus, maintain a physiological balance for the implementation and normalization of organism functions. This work aimed to study the anti-exudative activity of effervescent tablets with spissum extract from Betula leaves on a model of carrageenan-induced inflammation and their diuretic activity against in water test in rats. Tablets with spissum extract from Betula leaves were developed at the Department of Technologies of Pharmaceutical Preparations of the National University of Pharmacy. «Canephron® N» (Bionorica, Germany) and «Ortophen-Zdorovje» were chosen as the reference drugs. The study was carried out on 42 sexually mature rats weighing 180–200 g, which were kept on a standard vivarium diet at the Research Institute of Applied Pharmacy of the National University of Pharmacy. Inflammation was caused by the introduction of a 1% carrageenan solution into the hind limb of rats. The study of diuretic activity was carried out using the water test. The rat foot volume significantly decreased during 2, 3, and 4 hours of the experiment under the influence of the studied tablets compared with the control pathology. The reference drug «Canephron ® N» showed a less pronounced anti-inflammatory effect and was inferior in its activity to effervescent tablets with spissum extract from Betula leaves with the same tendency of anti-inflammatory action. As shown by the results of studies, 2 hours after the introduction of effervescent tablets with spissum extract from Betula leaves, diuresis was significantly different from the intact control. Diuresis was significantly higher after 4 hours in the group of animals receiving the studied drug. Similar data were shown by the drug «Canephron® N» by the end of the experiment. For the first time, a study of the antiexudative and diuretic activity of effervescent tablets contained an extract from Betula leaves was carried out. It has been experimentally shown that the antiexudative activity of the developed drug was 28.9%, exceeded the similar activity of the phytopreparation «Kanefron® N» – 22.3%, and was inferior to the reference drug «Ortofen-Zdorovje» – 44.8%. It was found that the investigated drug exhibits the most pronounced anti-exudative properties during the first 2 hours of the experiment. It was determined that after 4 hours the diuretic activity of effervescent tablets with a spissum extract from Betula leaves was 127% and 124% for the drug «Kanefron® N», respectively.

Досліджено вплив екстрактів з листя стевії і чорниці на розвиток інсулінорезистентності. Утримання лабораторних тварин на високофруктозній дієті викликає комплекс метаболічних порушень, характерних для СД 2-го типу. Виявлено виражену гіпоглікемічну і слабку антиоксидатну дію екстракту з листя стевії, в той час як застосування екстракту з листя чорниці при однакових експериментальних умовах проявляється в більш вираженій антиоксидатній дії. Рекомендовано спільне застосування досліджених екстрактів у комплексному лікуванні ЦД 2-го типу. Ключові слова: екстракт з листя чорниці (Vaccinum myrtillus); екстракт з листя стевії (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni); цукровий діабет 2-го типу; інсулінорезистентність, дексаметазон МАТЕРІАЛИ ТА МЕТОДИ Експеримент проводили на самцях щурів лінії Wistar вагою 160-200 г, яких утримували в умовах

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic autoimmune disease in which genetic predisposition and environmental factors play a major role. Vitamin D deficiency is becoming a pandemic in the world and is observed in type 1 diabetes mellitus. The aim. Analytical review of available literature data on the relationship of vitamin D deficiency with the development and course of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods. Analysis of open sources of scientific literature. Results and discussion. Clinical observations and experimental studies show that vitamin D deficiency is one of the risk factors for the development of type 1 diabetes, and is a consequence of this disease. The status of vitamin D in the body is determined not only by the intake of vitamin from the outside, but also by the activity of tissue transport and metabolism systems, which have a high degree of polymorphism. Numerous studies show the positive effect of the use of vitamin D preparations in the prevention and treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus. However, there are works in which there is no protective effect. Conclusions. Thus, the optimization of the status of vitamin D in the body is a promising measure to prevent the development of type 1 diabetes and facilitate its course, but requires further research.