Background. Although today primary hyperparathyroidism and cancers are considered the main factors of hypercalcemia (HC), the latter is quite often detected in various endocrinopathies. According to modern data, ionized calcium (Ca2+) is an intracellular mediator in the functioning of enzymes and hormones. All this determines the importance of finding out the features of the associations between HC and biochemical indicators in various endocrine disorders, which was the purpose of this study. Materials and methods. Retrospectively, according to the medical histories of 537 patients with detected HC, who were treated at the endocrinology clinic of the V. Danilevsky Institute for the Endocrine Pathology Problems in 2020–2021, we have analyzed the features of correlations between HC (by the content of Ca2+) and the levels of phosphorus (P), total protein (TP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in various endocrine pathologies. Results. A significant difference between the spectrum and degree of probability of associations was found even within the limits of one type of pathological conditions. In the group with hypothyroidism, there was an inverse correlation of HC with P (p < 0.01) and a highly probable correlation with AST (p < 0.001). At the same time, a direct association with P (p < 0.01) and an inverse correlation with TP (p < 0.001), AST (p < 0.001) and ALT (p < 0.01) was revealed in case of Graves’ disease. The following data were obtained for tumors of endocrine organs: nontoxic multinodular goiter — direct with P (p < 0.001) and inverse with TP (p < 0.001) and ALT (p < 0.01); thyroid cancer — direct correlation with P (p < 0.01) and inverse highly probable with TP (p < 0.001) and ALT (p < 0.001); nodular pathology of the adrenal glands — direct correlation with TP (p < 0.01) and inverse with AST (p < 0.01) and ALT (p < 0.001). In diabetes mellitus, only an inverse correlation with P was found (p < 0.01). There was an inverse correlation with P (p < 0.01) and TP (p < 0.001), and a direct one with ALT (p < 0.001) in primary hyperparathyroidism. Conclusions. Metabolic disorders in the pre­sence of hypercalcemia in patients with various endocrine pathologies have their own characteristics. The nature of revealed correlations between ionized calcium and biochemical parameters in terms of various endocrine diseases must be taken into account when developing a therapeutic strategy for patients with hypercalcemia.

The aim of the study. To carry out a comprehensive analysis of the purine metabolism (PM) state and assess its features in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM). Materials and methods. 181 patients with type 1 DM were examined (94 women and 87 men) aged 42.5 ± 12.1 years. Indicators of the carbohydrate metabolism state, creatinine (Cr) concentration by the method of Popper, purine bases (PBs) and the activity of xanthine oxidase (XO) by a photometric method, uric acid (UA) by a colorimetric method were determined in fasting venous blood. UA excretion was detected by the colorimetric method, Cr by an enzymatic method. Renal UA clearance (RCUA), fractional UA clearance (FCUA), total UA tubular reabsorption (TTRUA) and hypoxanthine-guanine-phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) activity were calculated. The comparison group, representative in terms of age and sex, included 25 healthy volunteers. Results. PM changes in patients with type 1 DM were orientated towards an excessively increased catabolism and insufficient reutilization of PBs. The structure of the detected disorders was as follows: hyperuricemia (HU) (13.8 %), enhanced RCUA (42.8 %), increased XO activity (35.6 %) and inhibition of HGPRT activity (53.3 %). In about 56 % of the subjects, high concentrations of PBs were found, and HU was diagnosed only in every seventh subject. It was identified that PB concentrations were negatively correlated with the level of XO activity. RCUA and XO activity levels were revealed to be of the greatest informational value for assessing the PM state in patients with type 1 DM. RCUA was significantly associated with the level of UA excretion and HGPRT activity. Relationships of RCUA and FCUA with HbAc1 levels were established. The higher the level of HbAc1, the greater the clearance of RCUA was, especially FCUA, which led to a significant decrease in TTRUA. Conclusions. PM in type 1 DM is characterized by a high intensity, which is realized due to a decrease in anabolism, increased oxidation and suppression of PB reutilization. Uricemia inadequately reflects the level of UA production in patients with type 1 DM. The severity of PM disorders in type 1 DM patients is associated with the carbohydrate metabolism compensation state.

Хронічне аутоімунне захворювання щитовидної залози (ЩЗ) або тиреоїдит Хашимото (АІТ) є одним із основних аутоімунних захворювань ЩЗ у дитячому віці. Характеризується продукцією антитиреоїдних антитіл, інфільтрацією аутореактивних В- та Т-лімфоцитів у паренхіму ЩЗ та, як наслідок, змінами функції ЩЗ (еутиреоз або субклінічний гіпотиреоз при АІТ з можливою еволюцією у бік маніфестного гіпотиреозу). Целіакія (Ц) - це системне аутоімунне захворювання, викликане вживанням в їжу глютена у генетично схильних суб'єктів, його поширеність становить близько 1% у західних країнах. Проявляється патогномонічною ентеропатією, різноманітністю клінічних проявів, позитивним титром специфічних антитіл, наявністю типових гаплотипів HLA DQ2/DQ8. Ц може бути варіантом коморбідної патології при різних аутоімунних ендокринопатіях, таких як АІТ, цукровий діабет 1 типу, хвороба Аддісона, поліендокринні синдроми. У статті проаналізовано дані літератури за останні 40 років про зв'язок між тиреопатіями та глютеновою хворобою як у дорослому, так і дитячому віці, а також представлені власні дані про частоту Ц у дітей з АІТ.