The analysis of Russian and foreign literature on the definition of somatic sex on the skull is presented. Cranioscopic and craniometric approaches are considered in carrying out craniological studies and existing traditional and modern methods for their implementation. Cranioscopic studies reveal the advantages and disadvantages of W.M. Krogman, G. Acsadi, J. Nemeskeri and V.N. Zvyagina methods. It is shown that the method of V.N. Zvyagina, which includes 40 descriptive diagnostic signs, is the most informative. Its efficiency is 93,5%. The comparative analysis of the craniometric methods for studying the skull according to R. Martin and H. Welcker in the modification of A.P. Bogdanov and a number of English craniologists is presented. The authors point out that the Russian Forensic Center developed a craniological form, which includes 79 different sizes of a skull, by which is possible to determine not only the sex of a skull, but also the approximate age of a person. A comparative assessment of the Russian (V.I. Pashkova) and foreign (E. Giles) craniometric studies is presented. According to V.I. Pashkova using only craniometric techniques allows one to determine the sex of the skull only in 75-80%, and in the complex approach - in 80-93%. The method of E. Giles, based on the study of regression equations, is objective in 83-86%. Thus, studies of the sex determination by skull in an adult should be comprehensive, including both cranioscopic and craniometric techniques.

Military personnel are trained in conditions of intense physical activity. In the works of a number of authors, the presence of various kinds of deviations from normal physical development among students of civilian universities is noted. Persons with malnutrition, obesity of II-III degree are recognized by specialists of military medical commissions at the place of conscription of applicants for military universities as unfit for admission. The purpose of the study: to study the anthropometric parameters, body composition and physical development of male military universities applicants. The study involved 280 young men at the age of 17, permanently residing in the central area of Russia. Anthropometric data of body length, weight, torso length, limbs, torso girth dimensions were analyzed, Quetelet indices (body mass index), Pirquet (body proportionality index), Pigne (body strength index) were determined. With the help of indices and measurements of the component composition of the body, the characteristic of physical development was determined. As a result of the study, a sufficient variability of anthropometric indicators and body composition in the studied male applicants was revealed, which is due to heredity data and the influence of different living conditions before entering a military university. The values ​​of body length, chest circumference, body surface area were greater in urban applicants, body weight prevailed in rural boys. The Quetelet index corresponded to the norm in most of the studied, however, cases of moderate obesity were found in rural applicants. The Pirque index indicated a proportional physique in most applicants. According to the Pignet index, most of the rural and urban boys had a strong physique. The data of the component composition of the body (the level of fat, muscle and bone mass) confirmed the revealed indicators of the physical development of young men. Significant differences in physical development according to anthropometry and body composition data between youth applicants from urban and rural areas were not identified. The data obtained can be used as a regulatory framework for assessing the quality of the general health of those entering military universities and developing recommendations for the selection of cadets.

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Objective: to develop a classification of mandibular forms and to study typical features of the morphometric characteristics of this bone in adults. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on 150 lower jaws of adults. To determine the shape of the lower jaw, four morphometric parameters were measured: angular width, projection length from the corners, branch height, smallest branch width, and three morphometric indexes were introduced: 1 - the long-length longitudinal index of the lower jaw; 2 - longitude latitudinal index of the body of the lower jaw; 3 - latitudinal-altitude index of the branches of the lower jaw. According to these indices, 9 groups of jaws with different shapes were identified. In these groups, the values of 35 morphometric parameters of the body and branches of the lower jaw were studied. Results. It was found that statistically significant differences (p <0.05) between the groups of jaws, determined by the value of the altitude-longitude index of the lower jaw and the longitude-latitude index of the body of the lower jaw, exist between the same morphometric parameters: angular width, projection length from the corners and chin angle , and most of the morphometric parameters of the body and branches of the lower jaw do not statistically significantly differ between the extreme forms (dolicho- and brachi, lepto- and eurimandibular). There are statistically significant differences between the jaw groups, systematized by the latitude-altitude index of the branch of the lower jaw (p <0.05) for most of the studied indicators of the branch of the lower jaw: branch height, smallest branch width, notch width, notch angle, base of the coronoid process , the base of the condylar process, the distance from the front edge of the lower jaw branch to the opening of the lower jaw, the distance from the notch of the lower jaw to the opening of the lower jaw, the distance from the angle of the lower jaw to the opening of the lower jaw. It has been proved that in the lower jaws with a hypsiramimandibular form, the values of the smallest branch width, the base length of the coronoid and condylar processes, as well as the distance from the front edge of the branch to the opening of the lower jaw are significantly smaller, however, the values of the branch height, notch angle, notch width, notch distance the angle of the lower jaw to its opening is larger compared to the platyramimandibular form (p˂0.05). Conclusion. The greatest number of differences in the value of morphometric parameters is observed during the systematization of the lower jaw according to the shape of its branch. This can be explained by the fact that it is under the direct influence of the masticatory muscles, performing not only supporting, protective, but also motor function.