Исследованы напитки из виноградного сырья, произведенные из белых сортов винограда Рислинг рейнский и Цитронный Магарача, спиртованием винными и виноградными спиртами из винограда Кристалл и смеси столовых сортов винограда. Объектами исследований были два винных сорта винограда Цитронный Магарача и Рислинг рейнский урожая 2020 года, этиловый спирт (контроль), винные спирты и виноградные спирты. Цель работы заключалась в исследовании влияния технологии производства винных и виноградных спиртов на органолептические показатели напитков из виноградного сырья. Установлено, что в винных спиртах среднее значение объемной доли этилового спирта составило 94,3 %, массовой концентрации: альдегидов – 1,5 мг/100 см3 б.с., высших спиртов – 47,0 мг/100 см3 б.с., средних эфиров 29,0 мг/100 см3 б.с. и летучих кислот 1,3 мг/100 см3 б.с. В виноградных спиртах значения показателей были выше чем в винных спиртах (исключение летучие кислоты) и составили: объемной доли этилового спирта – 94,6 %, массовой концентрации альдегидов – 6,4 мг/100 см3 б.с., высших спиртов – 55,0 мг/100см3 б.с., средних эфиров 68,0 мг/100 см3 б.с. и летучих кислот 0,7 мг/100 см3 б.с. Выявлено, что использование винных и виноградных спиртов в технологии напитков из виноградного сырья оказывает положительное влияние на органолептические показатели готовой продукции. На сорте винограда Рислинг рейнский установлено, что спиртование винными и виноградными спиртами улучшает органолептические показатели напитков по сравнению с зерновым спиртом. Напиток с применением виноградного спирта из сорта Кристалл получил максимальную оценку 80 баллов, что позволяет рекомендовать виноградные спирты в технологии напитков из виноградного сырья. Drinks from grape raw materials made from white grape varieties Riesling Rhine and Citron Magaracha, fortified with wine and grape spirits from Crystal grapes and a mixture of table grape varieties were studied. The objects of research were two wine grape varieties Citron Magaracha and Riesling Rhine harvest of 2020, ethyl alcohol (control), wine spirits and grape spirits. The aim of the work was to study the influence of the production technology of wine and grape spirits on the organoleptic characteristics of drinks from grape raw materials. It was established that in wine spirits the average value of the volume fraction of ethyl alcohol was 94.3 %, mass concentration: aldehydes – 1.5 mg/100 cm3b.s., higher alcohols – 47.0 mg/100 cm3 b.s., medium esters 29.0 mg/100 cm3 b.s. and volatile acids 1.3 mg/100 cm3 b.s. In grape spirits, the values of the indicators were higher than in wine spirits (with the exception of volatile acids) and amounted to: the volume fraction of ethyl alcohol - 94.6 %, the mass concentration of aldehydes – 6.4 mg / 100 cm3 b.s., higher alcohols – 55, 0 mg/100 cm3 b.s., medium esters 68.0 mg/100 cm3 b.s. and volatile acids 0.7 mg/100 cm3 b.s. It was revealed that the use of wine and grape spirits in the technology of drinks from grape raw materials has a positive effect on the organoleptic characteristics of the finished product. On the Rhine Riesling grape variety, it was found that fortification with wine and grape spirits improves the organoleptic characteristics of drinks compared to grain alcohol. The drink, using grape alcohol from the Crystal variety, received a maximum score of 80 points, which makes it possible to recommend grape spirits in the technology of drinks from grape raw materials.
Apple tree is the most common among other fruit crops. Apple fruit is the primary raw material used in cider making. Although the majority of Russian regions are rich in raw materials for the production of high-quality cider, the development of this industry is hampered by a number of issues. As a result, the domestic market sometimes offers low-quality and adulterated products. In this work, we study the organoleptic and biochemical indicators (volatile components, metal cations, phenolcarboxylic acids and organic acids) of fermented diffused apple juice and ciders prepared from both freshly squeezed and reconstituted apple juice. The biochemical composition and organoleptic characteristics of samples were determined by conventional methods, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (organic acids), capillary electrophoresis (phenolcarboxylic acids) and gas chromatography (volatile components). The concentrations of most of the studied parameters and organoleptic indicators werehigher in ciders from fresh apple juice. However, in the fermented diffused juice, the concentrations of chlorogenic (9.5 g/dm3), orotic (1.9 g/dm3) and gallic (4.7 mg/dm3) acids, as well as furfural (11.84 mg/dm3), exceeded those in other studied samples. Future research should investigate the possibility of secondary use of apple pomace, e.g., for the production of fruit spirits. Involvement of such raw materials ensures the rational use of secondary raw materials.
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