Objective: analysis and summary of the literature data and own studies on the possibility of using biomarkers of exposure and effect of organophosphorus compounds (OPCs), determination of immunological biomarkers of the effect under exposure to OPCs that cause delayed neurotoxicity (DN). Materials and Methods. Analytical methods were used in the work: collection of scientific information on the topic, analysis of data and scientific summary of the results. Re-assessment of the effect of OPCs causing DN was performed from the perspective of determination of the most informative immunological biomarkers of the effect of known neurotoxicants. Analysis of the study results of the effect of neurotoxic OPCs, triorthocresyl phosphate (TOCP), Afos on the immune system was performed using the most sensitive model — chicken breed Leghorn in isotoxic doses (500 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg, respectively) using common immunotoxicology methods. Results and Conclusions. The article analyses and concludes current literary data on the justified use of biomarkers of exposure and effect of OPCs that are widespread in the environmental objects and are one of the reasons of acute and chronic poisoning in the population. We’ve reviewed aspects of the necessity for implementation of scientifically justified approach to the development and assessment of biomarkers and creation of the unified diagnostic complex that includes biomarkers of exposure, specific and non-specific action, with wider diagnostic abilities compared with determination of isolated parameters that is the basis for diagnostics, efficient treatment and prediction of consequences of poisoning with OPCs. Based on the results of own studies, we proposed the use of some parameters as the immunological biomarkers of the effect of OPCs with DN: the level of finely dispersed circulating immune complexes in the blood serum and the level of anti-brain antibodies, the number and functional activity of blood neutrophils; the number of T-and B-lymphocytes and their functional activity; the number of NK-cells, T-helper cells, and T-suppressors.

The purpose of the Research. Analysis and generalization of current literature data on the toxicological properties of neon-icotinoid pesticides and the justification of their prospects for further use in view of human health hazards. Methods and Materials of the Research. Analytical methods were used in the work: collection of scientific information on the problem, analysis of the abstract database and scientific generalization of the obtained results. Results and Conclusions. On the basis of the analytical review of the current literature, data on the toxicological properties of neonicoti-noid pesticides are summarized and the prospects for their further use are substantiated. Information on toxicity results of pesticide active substances from neonicotinoid classifications has been systematized according to acute, short-term, long-term experiments and longterm animal effects studies, the values of the acceptable daily intake (ADI) of neonicotinoids, which are established in Ukraine and in the countries of the European Union, Australia, Canada, are given. The consequences of human exposure to acute and chronic exposure to neonicotinoid pesticides have been considered. Based on the analysis of scientific data on the toxicological significance of neonicoti-noid pesticides for experimental animals and human health, it has been established that thiacloprid and acetamiprid have the most dangerous toxicological profile. Given the revealed endocrine disruptive properties of thiacloprid, it is a candidate for reassessment by the national regulatory authorities of the rules of application and possible replacement by safer alternative plant protection products. Acetamiprid is also of great concern because it is able to have a toxic effect on fetal development. Therefore, when assessing the potential danger of acetamiprid for humans and determining the prospects for future use in agriculture, it is necessary to consider its neurotoxic effect on posterity. Key Words: neonicotinoids, toxicological properties, danger, poisoning, human health.

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ABSTRACT. Flupyradifurone is an insecticide recommended to protect vineyards, apple, pear trees and cabbage in agriculture. For the state registration in Ukraine, toxicological and hygienic assessment of flupyradifurone and its insecticidal product Sivanto Prime 200 SL was performed. Acceptable daily intake of flupyradifurone for human was justified at the level of 0.02 mg/kg; hygienic standards for flupyradifurone and regulations for the safe use of insecticide Sivanto Prime 200 SL, in agriculture were developed. Objective. Toxicological and hygienic assessment of flupyradifurone and its insecticidal preparation, evaluation of the risk of rural labourers and population exposure. Methods. Expert and analytical, toxicological, physical and chemical, statistical and hygienic. Results. Based on acute toxicity parameters for different ways of exposure, flupyradifurone and Sivanto Prime 200 SL are rated as hazard class II. Long-term effects (carcinogenicity, mutagenicity and teratogenicity, reproductive and developmental toxicity) are not limiting criteria when assessing flupyradifurone hazard. Field trials have shown that residual flupyradifurone was not detectable in grapes, apples, pears and cabbage during harvesting. Occupational risk degree under inhalation and cutaneous exposure of labours to flupyradifurone was within the acceptable level. Conclusion. Use of flupyradifurone-based insecticide Sivanto Prime 200 SL for the protection of vineyards, apple, pear trees and cabbage as per agricultural and hygienic standards and regulations will not lead to contamination of agricultural products and environmental objects and will be safe for the population. Keywords: insecticide, flupyradifurone, toxicological properties, hygienic standards and regulations, hazard assessment.