A study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of malaria among primary school children in Ebonyi State. The degree of malaria parasite, infection and species of the parasite isolated were used to determine the level of endemicity of the disease. Out of one thousand and two hundred (1,200) primary schoo children aged between 5-16 years sampled, the prevalence rate of 40.08 % was recorded. The species of the parasite associated with the disease was Plasmodium falciparum. It was observed that the rate of malaria parasitaemia was higher in younger (aged 5-10 years) than those of older (aged 11-16 years) children. A X l i. f 2test conducted on the infection rate according to ages of the pupils showed significant difference between the age groups indicating that infection was age dependent (P < O.O5). Greater number of males (243) than females (238) were infected but the infection rate according to sex was found not to be significant and therefore not sex dependent (P > 0.05). Among the Local Government Areas, Ivo had the highest prevalence rate. This was followed by Ishielu and Abakaliki local government areas of Ebonyi State. The results showed that malaria is endemic in the state and a major health problem for school children. The possible effect on academic performance was d scussed

Background Extensive and indiscriminate use of pesticides gradually destroys the environment (ecosystem), poses serious threats to human health, animal life (especially aquatic), plant forms, soil, water, and also lead to emergence of resilient species of life forms that are becoming resistant to pesticides. The present study focused on evaluating lambda-cyhalothrin oxidative stress and gonad histoarchitecture toxicity potency in Clarias gariepinus. Results A total of 120 C. gariepinus 16 to 40 cm SL and 200 to 250 g bodyweights (assigned into treatments 0.00 (control), 2.5 × 10−4 μg/L, 5.0 × 10−4 μg/L, and 6.25×10−4 μg/L (A-D) lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT), each treatment consisted of 30 fishes, replicated three times, 10 fishes per replicate) were used for this study. On day 7, catalase activity (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) significantly increased (p < 0.05) in all treatments compared with control. Day 14, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and GPx significantly increased (p < 0.05). All parameters significantly increased (p < 0.05) on days 21 and 28 except SOD (day 21). All parameters increased significantly on day 28 across the row in all treatments. The significant increase (p < 0.05) in SOD, (malondialdehyde) MDA, GPx, and glutathione reductase (GR) levels returned to normal after 7 days of depuration but CAT level did not return to normal. The testes photomicrographs showed necrotic conditions in the spermatogenic cells with nuclear pyknosis and cytoplasmic swelling while that of the ovary displayed vacuolations, flabby oocytes, and degenerated ovaries changes. Conclusion Lambda-cyhalothrin is toxic to C. gariepinus. The inability of significant increase in CAT to return to normal after 7 days of depuration further confirms our report.

The investigation was carried out to determine the susceptibility of ABO blood groups to malaria parasiteamia among residents of Awka, Awka South L.G.A, Anambra State Nigeria. The research revealed that out of 309 samples analyzed for ABO blood groups susceptibility for malaria in various classes, 265 (85.8%) was observed to have patent parasiteamia with malaria. Among the sexes, males recorded higher susceptibility than females, with blood group B recording highest (94.5%) susceptibility of infection than other blood groups.The ABO and Rhesus blood group phenotype sample were determined by agglutination method using commercially provided antisera suitable for the detection of blood rhesus positivity and negativity.

A research to investigate the prevalence of urinary tract infections in sexually active women (18-41 years) from selected health care centres in Abakaliki was carried out. Attempt was made to fined out the number of treated cases, aetiologic agents and age range with highest inc dence o urinary tract infections over the study period (2004-2005). Medical records of urinary tract infected women from the selected health care centres were reviewed. The prevalence of urinary tract infections was high (1232) among the study group and Escherichia coli was implicated as the principal causative agent of these infections. The high prevalence recorded in this study makes it necessary for women to be adequately educated on matters affecting their reproductive health. There is also the need for government of the state to provide improved, adequate and affordable health care services in the communities.

The larvicidal activities of ethanol extracts of leaves and fruits of Physalis angulata L. on the larvae of Anopheles mosquitoes were investigated. Larval mortalities were recorded within 30 minutes of contact with the plant extracts. Leaf extracts of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% concentrations caused 61%, 80% 91% and 92% mortalities while the same concentrations o fruit extracts caused 38%, 47%, 72% and 83% mortal ties respectively. A combination of leaf and fruit extracts exerted synergistic effects and caused higher mortality rates of 67%, 84%, 91% and 95% mortal ties at the same concentrations and time. The results also showed that the larvicidal effects of the leaf, fruit and synergy extracts increased w th increase in concentration. Significant result was observed for the synergy with 20% extract causing 95% mortality. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that there was no significant difference (P>0.05) among the leaf, fruit and synergy extracts. Preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloid (2.0%), cyanide (0.30%), flavonoid (15.5%), phytate (0.02%), saponin (2.0%) and tannin (0.05%) in the leaf and 0.01%,