Gender equality has been one of the goals of the European Union since 1957. Article 157 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union authorizes the European Parliament and the Council to adopt all those measures that guarantee the application of the principle of equality opportunities and equal treatment for men and women in employment and occupation matters. The main goal of this article was to determine whether the use of European Funds by Eurozone countries has made it possible to reduce labor differences in gender matters. To this end, the efficiency levels of the Funds are analyzed in two different periods, 2007 to 2013 and 2014 to 2020. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), a methodology frequently used by researchers in efficiency analyses, was applied. Among the main conclusions obtained are that the efficiency levels from the period 2014 to 2020 have been higher than that obtained in the previous period, but there are significant and persistent differences over time in the levels of gender efficiency between the different countries of the Eurozone.

The aim of this article is to establish a comparison in the degree of efficiency of European universities in the management of the labour insertion of their graduates. The methodology used is the data envelopment analysis (DEA). This type of analysis enables the measurement of the relative efficiency of different organizational units in situations where there is information about multiple inputs and outputs of resources. We define one hundred and twenty-six Decision Making Units (DMU) corresponding to each of the European universities analysed in our study. Developed analysis has allowed to determine the position that each of them occupies in relation to an efficiency frontier. Obtained results have allowed identifying 13 universities that show a score 100. In the interval 99-90 are 5. Between 89-80, we have 7. Between 79-70, 7. For the interval 69-60, 13. Between 59-50 are 19. Between 49-40, 20. Between 39-30, 13. And finally between 29-20 there are 19. The universities with a score of 100 belongs to France (Ecole polytechnique and Ecole des Ponts ParisTech), Italy (Politecnico di Torino), Portugal (Universidade Nova de Lisboa), Spain (University of Navarra and University Carlos III of Madrid), Sweden (Chalmers University of Technology), Switzerland (University of St. Gallen) and United Kingdom (University of Cambridge and University of Oxford). These universities represent the optimum of efficiency if they are compared with the others analysed. The universities that have to improve the employability of its graduates by more than 74% to reach the optimum of efficiency are mostly in the United Kingdom and Sweden, but there are in other regions as Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Germany and Netherlands. Among the main conclusions of this study, we would like to highlight how European university students present employment levels above those workers with lower levels of education. This data points to the high level of general efficiency achieved by university education in improving the degree of employability of its students.

Precision farming innovations are designed to improve the efficiency of agricultural activities via minimal initial input of material and human resources and avoiding harmful effects on the environment on one hand and automatizing the production on another hand, thus providing environmental, social and economic benefits. In the article, the tendencies in the adoption of precision agriculture technologies (PAT) in Ukraine were observed, with a specific focus on cooperatives as a valuable tool of social and solidarity economy helping to achieve progress in local rural development. On the example of cooperatives, applying a technology acceptance model (TAM) has identified how the adoption of new smart farming tools influence their behavior in implementing technological innovations. The results of the study will be of particular interest to representatives of other cooperatives and to agribusiness players engaged in agriculture or software development. In addition, the outputs will be useful for researchers in the field of the socio-economic development of territories and the impact of new technologies on it, as well as for local governments and higher-level government officials, which can contribute to the implementation of better rural development strategies.

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<p>El artículo está dedicado a la investigación de los aspectos más importantes de la economía solidaria, la comprobación de la conveniencia de implementar los principios de la remuneración laboral solidaria, ya que son fundamentales para el desarrollo de una política social solidaria dentro de la economía nacional. En el curso del estudio se consideraron los principios de "política salarial solidaria", indicadores de movilidad laboral, crecimiento salarial, costos salariales, empleo de la población no discapacitada, influyendo en la solidaridad del sistema salarial por el ejemplo de los países la Unión Europea, así como el sistema orientado a la solidaridad de la organización del cálculo del salario. En el artículo se consideró la relevancia de una economía solidaria como una actividad económica organizada para el desarrollo sostenible individual y colectivo.</p>