The global spread of SARS-CoV-2 points to unrivaled mutational variation of the virus, contributing to a variety of post-COVID sequelae in immunocompromised subjects and high mortality. Numerous studies have reported the reactivation of "sluggish" herpes virus infections in COVID-19, which exaggerate the course of the disease and complicate with lasting post-COVID manifestations CMV, EBV, HHV6). This study aimed to describe clinical and laboratory features of post-COVID manifestations accompanied by the reactivation of herpes virus infections (CMV, EBV, HHV6). 88 patients were recruited for this study, including subjects with reactivation of herpes viruses, 68 (72.3%) (main group) and 20 (27.7%) subjects without detectable DNA of herpesviruses (control group): 46 (52.3%) female and 42 (47.7%) male; median age was 41.4 ± 6.7 years. Patients with post-COVID manifestations presented with reactivation of EBV in 42.6%, HHV6 in 25.0%, and EBV plus HHV6 in 32.4%. Compared with controls, patients with herpes virus infections presented with more frequent slight fever temperature, headache, psycho-neurological disorders, pulmonary abnormalities and myalgia ( p < 0.01), activation of liver enzymes, elevated CRP and D-dimer, and suppressed cellular immune response ( p ≤ 0.05). Preliminary results indicate a likely involvement of reactivated herpes virus infections, primarily EBV infections in severe COVID-19 and the formation of the post-COVID syndrome. Patients with the post-COVID syndrome and reactivation of EBV and HHV6 infections are at high risk of developing various pathologies, including rheumatologic diseases.

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Cow’s milk allergy (CMA) is one of the most frequent types of food allergy. The aim of the study was to investigate whether IL-13 R130Q and IL-4 T589C polymorphisms are associated with the risk of CMA in young Ukrainian children. A total of 120 children (age range: 1–3 years) participated in the study and were divided into two groups: CMA (n = 60) and healthy controls (CNT, n = 60). The CMA group had two subgroups: specific oral tolerance induction (SOTI, n = 30) and milk elimination diet (MED, n = 30). The CNT group had two subgroups: positive family history of allergy (+FHA, n = 24) and negative family history of allergy (−FHA, n = 36). In the CMA group, molecular genetic testing of CC, CT, and TT genotypes of single nucleotide IL-4 T589C gene polymorphisms showed significantly higher rates of the CC genotype compared to healthy controls (92.2% vs. 58.8%; p < 0.01). In the CMA group, molecular genetic testing of GG, GA, and AA genotypes of single nucleotide IL-13 R130Q gene polymorphisms showed significantly higher rates of GA and AA polymorphic locus genotypes compared to healthy controls (43.5% vs. 22.4%, p < 0.05 and 8.7% vs. 0%, p < 0.05, respectively). In future studies, the genotypic and allelic distribution of these polymorphic variants will be determined in children with CMA and healthy children.

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The article presents current data on the reasons for the occurrence, peculiarities of the course, and diagnostic principles of anaphylaxis in toddlers. The determination of protein group enables to prognosticate the risk of development of food anaphylaxis. A comprehensive method is the ALEX in vitro multiplex allergy test. In the first reported case, anaphylaxis appeared after the consumption of a milk formula (cutaneous and respiratory symptoms; five months) and buckwheat (cutaneous, gastrointestinal, and respiratory symptoms; 11 months). On examination, the storage proteins of buckwheat Fag e 2 were detected – 22.82 kUA/L and major components of milk Bos d 4 (α-lactalbumin) – 41.37 kUA/L, Bos d 5 (β-lactoglobulin) – 41.12 kUA/L, Bos d 8 (casein) – 32.84 kUA/L. In the second case, anaphylaxis (cutaneous, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and neurological symptoms) developed after eating cake. On examination, the following storage proteins were detected: hazelnut Cor a 14 – 6.80 kUA/L, walnut Jug r 1 – 3.76 kUA/L. In the third case, anaphylaxis (cutaneous and respiratory symptoms) occurred after contact with dried fish (carp, cod) which the affected child was holding in the hands. On examination, parvalbumins were detected, including Atlantic cod – Gad m 1 – 46.67 kUA/L, carp – Cyp c 1 – 42.61 kUA/L, Atlantic herring – Сlu h 1 – 49.05 kUA/L, Sal s 1– 45.58 kUA/L, Atlantic mackerel – Sco s 1 – 48.82 kUA/L, tuna – Thu a 1 – 43.12 kUA/L, and swordfish – Хір g 1 – 43.83 kUA/L. Based on a complex examination, the patients received thorough dietary and lifestyle recommendations, as well as information about health risks and the need for an epinephrine autoinjector.