Chicken is a major source of animal protein consumption in Indonesia. The problem facing the poultry industry is the incidence of resistance which increases mortality of the chicken production. One of the causes of resistance case is the use of antibiotics in feed additives. The public understanding about the effects of the use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) in chickens in antibiotic resistance and the digestive tract of chicken needs to be done to avoid the impact on economic losses and health problems. This study aims to provide an understanding of the effects of the use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) on antibiotic resistance and the digestive tract of broiler chickens. This study was carried out at a broiler chicken farm in Sleman, Yogyakarta. Based on the histopathological result of the digestive tract of chickens that were given antibiotics as AGP, there was no inflammation occurs, but the administration of antibiotics caused antibiotic resistance in various type of antibiotics including tetracycline (90% resistance), streptomycin (60% resistance), amoxicillin (50% resistance), erythromycin (80% resistance), and no resistance for gentamycin.

Abstract. Pratama AM, Herawati O, Nabila AN, Belinda TA, Wijayanti AD. 2021. Ethnoveterinary study of medicinal plants used for cattle treatment in Bojonegoro District, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 4236-4245. Bojonegoro is a rural district in Indonesia's East Java Province where farming and cattle rearing are the main economic activities. The Bojonegoro District's cattle producers employ some medicinal plants specifically for the treatment of bovine illnesses. However, no data has been reported thus far. The goal of this research was to find and document ethnoveterinary medicinal herbs for cattle cures in the Bojonegoro District. A total of 41 cattle breeders were interviewed for the study. To collect demographic and ethnoveterinary medicinal plant data, each informant was interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire in the native language of each informant. The stastitical analysis in this study include informant consensus (Fic), Fidelity Level (FL), and Plant Part Frequency (PPF). Approximately 78.00% of the respondents are between the ages of 30 and 50, with 36.59% having only graduated from senior high school. The Peranakan Ongole (PO) is the most common breed preserved by cattle breeders. In the study area, 41 ethnoveterinary medicinal plants were mentioned by male respondents to cure cattle health problems. Digestive illnesses are the most frequent ailments in cattle treated with medicinal plants. Curcuma longa L. was the most commonly mentioned medicinal plant. A majority of the source ethnoveterinary medicinal plants were cultivated on-site and the leaves of these plants were most often used.

Background and Aim: Antibiotic resistance poses a risk to human health and has therefore been the focus of research. One of the causes of this resistance is the use of antibiotics as feed additives for animal nutrition. The development of antibiotic resistance in poultry through nutrition feed has drawn attention to the need for alternative antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs). Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.), as a natural source of bioactive phytochemicals, is a potential AGP, but the effect of mangosteen-based treatment on antibiotic resistance in poultry has not been reported to date. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of mangosteen peel extract as an AGP on body weight gain, feed conversion rate (FCR), and the antibiotic resistance in broilers. Materials and Methods: In this study, 30 1-day-old broiler chicks were divided into three groups. Group A (control) was not administered any treatment in the feed, Group B was treated with 0.3 g/kg colistin as the AGP in the feed, and Group C was treated with 2% mangosteen peel extract as the AGP in the feed; the treatments were administered for 30 days. The observed parameters included the effect of the treatments on body weight gain, feed intake, FCR, and the presentation of antibiotic resistance before and after the treatments (pre-treatment and post-treatment, respectively). Results: Post-treatment, the body weight gain, and feed intake in the broilers were not significantly different among all the groups; however, the body weight gain and FCR were significantly different between the control group and the treatment groups in the 3rd week of treatment and were not significantly different between Groups B and C. The rate of antibiotic resistance to chloramphenicol increased significantly by 40% in Group B post-treatment, but no such increase was observed in Groups A and C. Conclusion: The findings of our study indicate that compared with using colistin as an AGP using mangosteen peel extract as a natural AGP did not have any significantly different effect on body weight gain, feed intake, and FCR (p>0.05) but had a significantly different effect on the rate of antibiotic resistance in broilers (p<0.05). This study indicates the usefulness of mangosteen for improving the overall growth and production performance of broilers without increasing their antibiotic resistance.

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Gout can cause inflammation of acute gout arthtritis, as well as other complications. Provision of chemical drugs in the long term have side effects. Shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) contain flavonoids which can inhibit the xanthine oxidase enzyme, so as to reduce uric acid levels. Red ginger extract (Zingiber officinale var rubrum) is rich in gingerol to reduce uric acid with anti-inflammatory effect. Polyberbal combination is expected to increase the effectiveness of therapy. The research aims to determine the effectiveness of polyherbal combinations. 25 male rats (2-3 months) were divided into five groups, namely negative control, positive control, (P1) 25% red ginger extract: 75% shallot, (P2) 50% red ginger extract: 50% shallot, ( P3) 75% red ginger extract: 25% shallot. Induction of potassium oxonate 250 mg / kg BW intraperitoneally on the 7th day. The first measurement of uric acid on the 14th day with Urid Acid Toos, the 15th to 28th days was administered herbal / chemical drugs according to the group. Measurement of second and third uric acid on days 21 and 28. Data were analyzed by one-way Anova (RAL), further significance tests using Least Significant Different (LSD). The results showed that administration of potassium oxonate and combination of herbal extracts had a significant effect (p <0.05) on uric acid levels in all groups. The most effective herbal combination doses are (P3) 75% red ginger (450 mg / 200 gr) and 25% shallot (150 mg / 200 gr BW). The conclusion of this study is the combination of red ginger extract and shallot can be recommended as a uric acid-lowering agent.