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A novel Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) analysis of aqueous extract of Daniellia oliveri stem bark was performed to identify the composition and percentage abundance of the various phytochemical constituents of Daniellia oliveri stem bark. The extract was obtained using 1:4 (w/v) of the pulverized stem bark in distilled water. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis was carried out on a Perkin Elmer Turbo Mass Spectrophotometer while measurement of peak areas and data processing were carried out by Turbo-Mass-OCPTVS-Demo SPL software and spectrums of the components were compared with the database of spectrum of known components stored in the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry library. The phytochemical constituents identified are some fatty acids such as oleic acid, fatty acid methyl esters such as 1-(hydroxymethyl)-1, 2-ethanediyl ester and some volatile organic substances such as 1, 1, 1, 4-Tetramethyl-4-chloro-4-vinyl-1, 4-disilabutane. The presence of these compounds justifies the use of some parts of the plant for various elements in folklore and can be advised as a plant of phytopharmaceutical and industrial importance.

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Studies of superoxide dismutase (SOD) induction in rats exposed to locally produced insecticide, "Rambo" of which the active chemical compound is permethrin (0.6% w/w) was performed. The rats were divided into three groups of five rats per cage. Each group of rats was fed with normal diet contaminated with 1 %, 5 % and 10 % (w/w) of the insecticide respectively. The control group was fed normal diet. The effect of insecticide at various concentrations on superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the blood plasma was not significantly different (P > 0.05) in the newly weaned rats (NWR). However, in the middle-aged rats (MAR) and aged rats (AR) groups, the results were significantly different (P < 0.05) against the parallel controls. Comparison of the effect of the insecticide on SOD induction at various concentrations among the groups based on age difference showed significantly different result (P < 0.05), especially among the groups fed with 10 % (w/w) of the insecticide in the diet. Results of this study show that in non-target organisms "Rambo" insect powder may induce superoxide dismutase activity thus suggesting oxidative-stress related toxicity.

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