No abstract

Psikolojik danışman eğitiminde süpervizyon, diğer meslek yaşantısı öncesi alınan eğitimin içeriğinden farklı olarak, teorik bilgiler dışında eğitilenlerin meslek yaşantılarında kullanabileceği uygulamalı bir gözetim hizmetidir. Özellikle grupla psikolojik danışma gibi farklılık gösteren psikolojik danışma uygulamalarında kullanılacak süpervizyon yöntemi ve etik hususlar daha da önem kazanmaktadır. Süpervizyon konulu araştırmalarda ise daha çok bireysel psikolojik danışma uygulamalarına yer verilmiş ve az sayıda çalışmada grupla psikolojik danışma ve süpervizyon konularına birlikte değinilmiştir. Bu makalede grupla psikolojik danışma odağında; psikolojik danışman eğitiminde süpervizyonun önemi, süpervizyonun tanımı, süpervizör-psikolojik danışman ilişkisi, süpervizyon yöntemleri ve kullanılan yardımcı araçlar, süpervizör eğitimi ve etik konular üzerinde durulmuştur.

In parallel with the urbanization and industrialization on increase worldwide, the energy need of man has also increased while it is getting transformed. Old practices like heating up water under the sun, processing food in the mill, heating through tree remnants which are called biofuels nowadays and supplying for nutrition have also changed dimension as the energy need for the fulfillment of basic needs transformed through industrialization. This situation resulted in the insufficiency of the energy resources gained through the exploitation of the ordinary course of nature and people turned towards the non-renewable fossil resources. The fact that people have found unsustainable and temporary solutions to this growing energy need caused not only natural disasters like global warming and immense pollutions to the environment in the background, but also disagreements and wars among societies. Beyond all these catastrophes, the fact that developing technology and scientific researches revealed the reserves for these limited resources and that these recourses will come to an end in the near future encouraged people to look for new ways. Today the renewable forms of energy are on the agenda in order to dispel the energy need in a more healthy, safe and sustainable way and also make up for the negative effects of the fossil energy resources. The fact that renewable energy is limitless, capable of refreshing itself, eco-friendly and most importantly the fact that it solves the problem of expenditure has increased the demand and investments in these resources. The aim of this research is to test the incentive and support mechanisms applied in order to spread the use of renewable energy in Turkey and their impacts on the quantity of generated energy and country's economy.

The lack of counselor education standards set by professional organizations increases the necessity for accreditation studies. Therefore, this descriptive study aimed to investigate the opinions of counselor educators working in Turkish public and private universities' counselor education programs on critical standards/criteria of the accreditation process. A total of 201 counselor educators aged between 24 to 88 years participated in the study. Data were collected through a demographic form as well as a survey that was developed by the researchers. Data were analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. The results of the study showed that the majority of the participants supported the idea of establishing an independent counseling-specific accreditation organization that accredits counseling programs in Turkey. Implications of the findings, as well as limitations and recommendations, are shared for future research in the study.

Purpose-In this study, an international welfare comparison is made for OECD members together with selected thirty eight countries using purchasing power parity (PPP) based on GDP per capita and better life index (BLI) parameters which is prepared by OECD as an alternative to welfare measurement. The purpose of this study is to research relations between national income and human welfare that is generated according to BLI criteria's. Methodology-For this study, 2016 year data is used. The reasons are: Latvia and South Africa countries are added in 2016 and 2016 year is the latest edition for BLI which is renewed itself year by year. In addition when BLI is compared with GDP, reasons of being preferred PPP numbers are: One of the variables of BLI which is income criteria and its indicators incomes and fortunes of households are calculated by PPP based; PPP gives opportunity to comparison of real good and services eliminating the differences of price level among countries; in calculation of PPP, economic factors such as currency fluctuations, interest rates and capital flows are not taken into account; rather than just National income, PPP based GDP per capita is more personal like BLI. Findings-The result obtained from this study is that; when it examined carefully, countries with high national income per capita cannot score high in terms of BLI values. At first glance, it can be asserted that there is a strong positive relation between GDP per capita and BLI parameters by saying that countries like Norway, Switzerland and Sweden are at the top both in national income per capita and BLI based rankings; or countries like South Africa, Mexico, Brazil, Turkey are at the bottom both in national income per capita and BLI based rankings. However, if there was a strong positive relation between GDP per capita and BLI; Luxembourg, which is by far the best in national income per capita ranking, wouldn't be placed rank number twelve in average BLI values ranking. Similarly, New Zealand, which is placed rank number twenty in national income per capita ranking among thirty eight countries, wouldn't be placed rank number seven in average BLI values ranking. These tangible examples are not limited to a few countries. For example, Ireland, which ranks fourth in GDP per capita rankings, ranks sixteenth in average BLI values rankings; Denmark, which ranks twelfth in the national income per capita, ranks third in terms of average BLI values rankings. Conclusion-A country's high level of national income does not necessarily mean that it is at a level of contemporary civilization. If it is asked to evaluate a country in terms of welfare perspective; not just only monetary value of produced goods and services in that country shouldn't be taken into account but also factors such as education, justice, employment, security, environment and social connections should be taken into account from a wider perspective.