The article focuses on the financial results of Ukrainian banks with the participation of the state in capital for 2021. The authors analyze the contribution of each bank with state participation in the capital to the overall result of the banking system, as well as their share in the markets of deposits, loans, securities. The authors present calculations that compare the results of activities with 2020, as well as the results of twenty banks of foreign financial groups and banks with private capital. The comparative dynamics of the indicators of the main markets of active and passive banking operations for the period 2008 - 2021 is calculated. In a tense external economic situation, the authors propose approaches to the strategic direction of development of public sector banks and ways to increase their impact on the overall security of money circulation in the country in the event of a special period. The calculations that allow specialists to compare the financial results, the role and place of each bank with state participation with foreign financial groups banks and banks with private capital. The dynamics of changes in the resource base of banks at the expense of legal entities and individuals, as well as the dynamics of credit and investment portfolios of legal entities and individuals are presented. Proposals for the organization of bank management control, where the state is a shareholder, are provided, and independent supervisory boards of banks are formed. The main macroeconomic trends that influenced the development of banks in 2021 are considered. The importance of resuming the Government's cooperation with the International Monetary Fund in 2021, as well as the importance of implementing the strategy of development of banks with participation of the state in capital in order to increase the capitalization of this sector and attract foreign capital to direct investment in the banking sector is stressed. The article provides an opportunity for potential investors in the Ukrainian banking market to assess the attractiveness of working in Ukraine, taking into account the results of two dozen foreign financial groups that have been in business for more than twenty years.

УДК 336.63 А. О. Дробязко кандидат економічних наук, провідний науковий співробітник відділу координації бюджетно-податкової та грошово-кредитної політики НДФІ ДННУ "Академія фінансового управління", Київ, Україна, adrobyazko@ukr.net ORCID ID: 0000-0002-0453-0709 О. О. Любіч доктор економічних наук, професор, заслужений економіст України, віце-президент ДННУ "Академія фінансового управління", Київ, Україна, alyubich@ukr.net

Анотація. У статті розглянуто кредитування новостворених підприємств у контексті сприяння економічному розвитку України. Оскільки започаткування власного бізнесу є альтернативою найманій праці та безробіттю, зменшує соціальне напруження, у світі широко використовується набір фінансових інструментів підтримки стартапів, таких як гранти, субсидії, кредити. Поняття "стартапи" включає технологічні, інноваційні підприємства, а в ширшому значенні-будь-які щойно створені й зареєстровані суб'єкти підприємництва. Різновидом початкового бізнесу є підприємства, що демонструють високі темпи зростання. Зазначено, що національні програми розвитку стартапів доцільно зорієнтувати на підтримку інноваційних технологій, у т. ч. у сфері комп'ютеризації, діджиталізації, екології, енергозбереження. Окремим напрямом має стати розвиток імпортозаміщення та виробництва експортної продукції з високою доданою вартістю. Розпорядником бюджетних коштів повинне виступати національне агентство з розвитку підприємництва. Роль банків-агентів програми підтримки стартового бізнесу можуть виконувати державні банки з широкою регіональною мережею, активні в кредитуванні малого й середнього бізнесу. Ключові слова: підприємництво, державна політика, державна підтримка, кредитування, інновації, малий і середній бізнес, кредитування реального сектору економіки. Рис. 2. Табл. 4. Літ. 31.

The article deals with peculiarities of implementing of the updated Recommendations of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF), the Fifth Directive of Council of Europe (5AMLD) in the legislation of Ukraine and the activities of the National Anti-Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing System (AML/CFT) and effective practices of dealing with them. The article analyzes international and European guidelines on the circulation of virtual assets and the activities of service providers with virtual assets, a draft Law of Ukraine “On Virtual Assets” and amendments to the Tax Code of Ukraine. The article also considers the current challenges of development and operation of the global crypto market and strategic planning of international cooperation in addressing these issues, as well as the action plan at the national level. In addition, the article discusses the next steps to regulate the so-called private “tokens” issued on existing platforms in the fundraising order and the so-called “stable coins” and digital currencies of the central bank (CBDC). These trends have forced various regulators, standard-setting bodies, and legal scholars to shift their focus and expand their vocabulary from the term “cryptocurrency” to the broader concept of “cryptocurrencies”. In particular, the article considers the risks of delaying in Ukraine the implementation of international AML standards, amendments to national tax legislation, interaction with the banking sector. Particular attention is paid to the measures of the Ministry of Digital Transformation of Ukraine to reduce threats to the use of virtual assets in the shadow economy, the development of fraud in cyberspace, cybercrime to develop a transparent civilized crypto market and digital technologies in general.

The article is devoted to the implementation of international standards of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) in the field of new technologies (Recommendation 15) and related risks of money laundering, terrorist financing (AML/CFT). The issues of risk assessment and management are considered from the perspective of the development of the virtual assets (VA) market, its infrastructure, new instruments, and from the perspective of interaction with the banking and payment systems. The article also discusses the current problems of the development and functioning of the global cryptomarket and strategic planning of international cooperation in solving these issues, as well as an action plan at the national level. In addition, virtual asset service providers (VASPs) are trying to determine a cost-effective way to comply with this rule due to the lack of any standardized protocol in the VASP for exchanging such information. The authors disclose methodological approaches to assessing AML/CFT risks (1 Recommendation), mechanisms for conducting a sectoral risk assessment, and specifics of AML procedures, such as identification and verification of customers, determination of beneficial ownership, transfer of such information when performing transactions with virtual assets. The directions of the development of interaction between the central government authorities, the law enforcement system, and participants in the virtual asset market at the national and global level, the need to implement the "Travel Rule" (16 FATF Recommendations), using the latest fintech and blockchain (DLT) technologies to increase the speed and security of transmitted information are also analyzed. In addition, the rule requires VASP beneficiaries to obtain and retain the necessary information about the initiator and beneficiary. Particular attention is paid to the measures of the Ministry of Digital Transformation of Ukraine regarding the reduction of threats to the use of virtual assets in the shadow economy, the development of fraud in cyberspace, cybercrime in order to develop a transparent civilized crypto market and digital technologies in general.