Convulsive seizures can be accompanied by serious changes in the body. The purpose of this study is to investigate the platelet aggregation using the Born method and the hemolysate aggregation test, coagulation hemostasis (plasma recalcification time, prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT), activated partial thromboplastin time, antithrombin III, fibrinogen, beta‐naphthol test, soluble fibrin monomer complex (SFMK), euglobulin clot lysis time (ECLT) and histological changes of the brain in 20 rats after an epileptic seizure caused by parenteral administration of Nikethamide. All animal experimentation protocols were approved by the UMSA Animal Ethical Committee. Immediately after the convulsive seizure the platelet count, the height of aggregatogram and index of platelet aggregation have been reduced. Shortening of the prothrombin and thrombin time in intact fibrinogen concentration, decreasing of SFMC without changing of ECLT was revealed. Blockade of microcirculatory, injury of the vascular wall, perivascular changes (edema, hemorrhage) were observed in the brain. These results suggest that we have identified laboratory signs of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) (hypercoagulation phenomena, thrombocytopenia, and thrombocytopathia), which were confirmed by morphological features. These data can be used in the management of patients with seizures.

The aim of the investigation was to study the effect of acute, total gamma-irradiation in a sublethal dose on the biophysical properties of erythrocytes, the intensity of lipid peroxidation, antioxidant supply and hemocoagulating properties of erythrocytes. The experiments were carried out on 11-12-week-old age guinea pigs, males and females in equal numbers. The animals were exposed to a single total radiation at a dose of 4.5 Gy (sublethal dose, LD 50/30). The studies were carried out on the 7th day after exposure to radiation (at the height of radiation sickness). The development of radiation damage was accompanied by intense erythropoiesis and the appearance of erythrocytes with a high resistance to hemolysis and an increased sedimentation rate. After acute gamma irradiation, depletion of the antioxidant system was noted. It manifested in a decrease in the activity of superoxide dismutase of erythrocytes by 19.7% (p<0.01) and the concentration of serum ceruloplasmin by 21.5% (p<0.01). The content of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and their accumulation while the incubation of erythrocytes remained within the normal range. The erythrocytes of the irradiated animals exhibited increased procoagulant and decreased antiheparin activity, which reflects conformational changes in highly radiosensitive fatty acid chains of phospholipids in their membranes. A decrease in the fibrinolytic activity of erythrocytes in irradiated animals was found.

Environmental pollution consisting of toxic metals and ionizing radiation is a serious problem throughout the world. Our objective was to compare the level of markers (BCL‐ 2 and p53) of the bone marrow cells apoptosis in experimental gamma‐ irradiation and chronic lead intoxication. Methods: guinea pigs (n = 24) were divided into two groups. The first group of animals received a single dose of 4.5 Gr of gamma irradiation extracorporeal (aplastic anemia model). The second group received a 4% lead acetate solution for 60 mg/kg body weight per day for 27 days (anemia associated with violation of the synthesis of porphyrins). The level of Bcl‐ 2 and p53 was determined immunohistochemically. We observed:1) In the irradiated animals the number of cells with a marker protein Bcl‐ 2 was reduced to 45.23 % and the number of cells with p53 marker was increased to 112.8 % compared to control animals. 2) In animals with chronic lead intoxication the number of cells with a marker protein Bcl‐ 2 was decreased to 16.42 % and the number of cells with p53 marker was increased to 61.37 % compared to control animals. We conclude that apoptosis of bone marrow cells increases with aplastic anemia and anemia associated with violation of the synthesis of porfirins, which is a major pathogenetic mechanism of anemia. It may be one of the factors capable of causing deficiency of stem cells in this pathology.

No abstract

many new facts and theories have appeared in physiology. The solution of complex physiological problems required collaboration of physiologists, pathologists, biochemists, biophysicists, mathematicians, and other specialists. That was possible due to the rapid development of new technologies as well as the robust foundation laid by the outstanding physiologists of the 19 th century. This article describes the activities of outstanding Russian and Ukrainian physiologists of the 19 th and the early 20 th centuries.