The purpose of our research was to estimate the brain blood supply level by rheoencephalography method in junior students of the Medical academy and to determine the blood supply links with the autonomic regulation state, behavioural and alimentary factors. Rheo-encephalographic study, research of the autonomic nervous system state, heart rate regulation and questioning of 17–29 year-old students have been conducted. Basic hemodynamic indices were normal in all surveyed students. Increase in body weight index enhanced the probability of the brain blood supply deterioration. Adaptation mechanisms tension was accompanied by reduction of the rheographic index. Higher blood filling of the brain vessels corersponded to higher ratio “blood minute volume / due blood minute volume” defined taking into account the system arterial pressure. The quantity of links with indicators of the autonomic nervous system state was limited. Nonlinear dependence of the rheographic index on the Kerdo vegetative index was observed: the rheographic index value was the lowest in students with the autonomic balance by the Kerdo vegetative index; it was the highest in the group with the sympathetic prevalence. Risk factor of blood filling decrease was the reduction in the diet variety when foodstuffs of different groups were included into the diet less than twice a week, or they were excluded from the diet completely. Positive correlation of blood supply was observed more often with frequent consumption of fish, vegetables, and fresh fruits. Increase in the regular alcohol intake experience promoted decrease in brain blood supply and increase in asymmetries of blood supply indicators. The effect of alcohol was essential, despite young age of surveyed students and low level of alcohol consumption. Increase in the experience and intensity of smoking was accompanied by deterioration of brain blood supply indicators. Students with the best blood supply had the better academic progress. Observed multiple correlations of blood supply indicators with behavioural factors allowed to assert that reduction of risk factors (control of body weight, variety and full value of a diet, refusal of smoking, alcohol restriction even below doses which are considered safe) would allow to improve the brain blood supply.

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has changed our habitual world. It has affected all social activities, including medical education. Academic educational community has been forced to face up to the transition from traditional classroom teaching model to distance learning. As a result the way of learning organization is seriously changing. Educators around the world develop new online content, adapt curricula, upskill digital competencies, and adjust teaching approaches. This study analyzes practical differences and methodological specificities of distance learning modalities. The purpose of this article is to highlight different approaches and available e-learning tools which can be useful for online learning. The present work describes different methods of synchronous and asynchronous learning considering our experience of their application in distance education. Also, these modes can be successfully used in combination with traditional teaching. There is no doubt that online learning will increase impact on medical education over the coming years.

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The aim of the investigation was to study the effect of acute, total gamma-irradiation in a sublethal dose on the biophysical properties of erythrocytes, the intensity of lipid peroxidation, antioxidant supply and hemocoagulating properties of erythrocytes. The experiments were carried out on 11-12-week-old age guinea pigs, males and females in equal numbers. The animals were exposed to a single total radiation at a dose of 4.5 Gy (sublethal dose, LD 50/30). The studies were carried out on the 7th day after exposure to radiation (at the height of radiation sickness). The development of radiation damage was accompanied by intense erythropoiesis and the appearance of erythrocytes with a high resistance to hemolysis and an increased sedimentation rate. After acute gamma irradiation, depletion of the antioxidant system was noted. It manifested in a decrease in the activity of superoxide dismutase of erythrocytes by 19.7% (p<0.01) and the concentration of serum ceruloplasmin by 21.5% (p<0.01). The content of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and their accumulation while the incubation of erythrocytes remained within the normal range. The erythrocytes of the irradiated animals exhibited increased procoagulant and decreased antiheparin activity, which reflects conformational changes in highly radiosensitive fatty acid chains of phospholipids in their membranes. A decrease in the fibrinolytic activity of erythrocytes in irradiated animals was found.

Environmental pollution consisting of toxic metals and ionizing radiation is a serious problem throughout the world. Our objective was to compare the level of markers (BCL‐ 2 and p53) of the bone marrow cells apoptosis in experimental gamma‐ irradiation and chronic lead intoxication. Methods: guinea pigs (n = 24) were divided into two groups. The first group of animals received a single dose of 4.5 Gr of gamma irradiation extracorporeal (aplastic anemia model). The second group received a 4% lead acetate solution for 60 mg/kg body weight per day for 27 days (anemia associated with violation of the synthesis of porphyrins). The level of Bcl‐ 2 and p53 was determined immunohistochemically. We observed:1) In the irradiated animals the number of cells with a marker protein Bcl‐ 2 was reduced to 45.23 % and the number of cells with p53 marker was increased to 112.8 % compared to control animals. 2) In animals with chronic lead intoxication the number of cells with a marker protein Bcl‐ 2 was decreased to 16.42 % and the number of cells with p53 marker was increased to 61.37 % compared to control animals. We conclude that apoptosis of bone marrow cells increases with aplastic anemia and anemia associated with violation of the synthesis of porfirins, which is a major pathogenetic mechanism of anemia. It may be one of the factors capable of causing deficiency of stem cells in this pathology.