No abstract

The capacity of a road section depends on many factors, such as the width of the carriageway, the permissible visibility, the slopes, the turning radii, the composition of the cars, the maneuverability and the design of the cars. The development of the automotive industry leads to improved performance of cars and improved throughput. Changing all of these components changes the bandwidth. When the capacity is calculating the composition of the traffic flow became one of the key factors. Mobile traffic is characterized by the composition of different (by age and purpose) vehicles. The composition of the traffic flow is displayed as a percentage. Obtaining and analyzing the algorithm for determining the capacity of traffic flow on a particular section of road (interchange). The analyze of the current state of car use in Ukraine and select the optimal algorithm for obtaining real flow data on the road section was made. The main task of the engineer during the design of a certain section of the road is to ensure the maximum capacity of the road section. Maximum throughput is achieved by improving the road surface, widening the roadway (increasing the number of lanes and installing appropriate signs), allocating reversing lanes and installing reversing traffic lights. When calculating the capacity, it is necessary to take into account when characterizing the relationship between cars in the flow in different road conditions. Intervals between cars in a stream can change even at high intensity of movement that in turn quit

The article defines the influence of structural and operational parameters of a machine-tractor unit on changes in the hardness of freshly plowed soil due to deformation and compaction of the soil by wheeled running systems. An experimental model of the effect of pressure in the pneumatic chamber of the wheel, working width and speed of the unit on changes in soil hardness in the area of operation of running systems is obtained. The obtained mathematical models make it possible to predict changes in soil hardness, which makes it possible to reduce the negative impact on the soil of running systems by optimally completing, configuring and selecting the MTU operating mode.

The results of research on increasing resistance of winter wheat varieties of different geographical origins to adverse weather conditions in the zone of unstable moistening in the North-Eastern Forest Steppe of Ukraine have been summarized. Rational use of agrometeorological resources made it possible to determine optimal terms of work on the elements of cultivation technology, taking into account weather conditions of the current year nd on their basis, to improve adaptive technologies for growing winter wheat varieties. This contributed to increase of yielding capacity, quality of grain and sustainability of agriculture. Such conditions were favorable for winter wheat crops of late sowing periods, the plants of which reached tillering phase on a significant part already in winter period. Yielding capacity of winter wheat by sowing dates (on average by varieties

One of the promising methods to dispose of agricultural bio-based raw materials is to produce compost by aerobic fermentation in rotary chambers. High efficiency of the composting process is achieved when a proper temperature mode is maintained at each phase of the process. Changes in temperature are directly related to the effective transformation of organic substrates by microorganisms and are the reason for the low quality of produced compost in terms of its agrochemical and microbiological parameters. It was established that a high-temperature regime is achieved on the condition that the amount of heat released during the biodegradation of raw materials by microorganisms is greater than the heat loss associated with the substrate aeration and surface cooling. Therefore, the time during which the fermented mass remains warm depends entirely on the substrate's physical-chemical characteristics, the parameters of the equipment, and the modes of its operation. To describe the established conditions, based on the equation of thermal balance, a mathematical model has been built. The model relates the thermal costs necessary to maintain the optimal temperature regime of the process to the substrate's moisture content and specific active heat generation, as well as to such an important thermal physical parameter of the chamber as the coefficient of heat transfer of the wall material. A rotary chamber was manufactured to investigate the thermal mode of the bio-based raw materials composting process. It has been experimentally established that the chamber walls' heat transfer coefficient of 1.6 W/(m2·°C), a value of the substrate's specific active heat generation of 9.2 W/kg, and a moisture content of 58 % provide for the thermal needs for the process with the release of 140 MJ of excess heat. The reported study could be the basis for the modernized methodology of thermal calculations of the bio-based raw materials composting process in closed fermentation chambers