The COVID-19 pandemic had a major impact on the economy around the world, damaging many areas of daily life. The industrial sector has been affected by the effects of industrial closures, reduced economic activity, and disruptions in logistics and transportation. The damage caused by the crisis has not yet been specifically assessed, as the industrial sector was not the most affected by the pandemic compared to other sectors of the economy. The subject of the study is the industrial sector of Ukraine and the EU. The aim of the article is to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on industrial development in Ukraine and the EU, as well as to propose economic policy measures to achieve stabilization in the industrial sector. Since industry is the foundation of economic growth and development, it is necessary to assess the depth of its decline and find possible solutions to get out of the recession. The theoretical analysis of the article is based on recent work by scientists in the field of industrial development, as well as on the authors' developments assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the economy. The COVID-19 pandemic created the following problems for Ukraine's economy and industry: a decrease in aggregate global demand and a decline in business activity, which led to lower prices on world commodity markets; strengthening of government regulation; raw-material orientation of Ukraine's exports and the significant dependence of industrial enterprises on world prices for raw materials; transport and logistics problems with raw material supply chains; lower business expectations and reduced investment due to significant uncertainty. The findings showed that the coronavirus crisis hit the industrial sectors mainly in April 2020, leading to a 16.1% decline in industrial production in Ukraine and an 18.6% decline in the EU. Such industries as automobile manufacturing, leather manufacturing, light industry, furniture manufacturing, coal mining, oil and gas extraction were hit the hardest. The following measures to stabilize the industrial sector are proposed: support for domestic demand for the products of industries, namely metallurgy, machine building, and chemical industry, which are mainly export-oriented and very sensitive to changes in global demand; stimulation and development of high value-added production; acceleration of the digitalization process within national borders; support for the industrial sector in its pursuit of environmentally friendly production, and others.

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The article addresses the problems of concord of objectively existing processes occurring in the modes of manufacture of the modern globalised society and subjective perceptions of scientists, politics, state regarding uses of their results in the interest of the business, the person and the humanity. Key findings: Peculiarities of functioning and development of the modern economy and society connected with quality changes in movers, value orientations and motivations under the globalisation and Industry 4.0 have been substantiated. The methodological paradigm of the economic policy in the conditions of the global transformations has been identified. Contradictions of the neoliberalism as the methodological paradigm of the economic policy have been revealed. It has been found that the approaches and principles of the economic policy based on neoliberalism will result (and they do result, on an increasing scale) in exacerbation of inequality and hence the polarization of society, unemployment and transformation of the part of the active population to the precariat. It has been reasoned that the post-neoliberal paradigm of the economic policy development in the countries of the world is being formed as an alternative to the neoliberal paradigm and it focuses on governments' change in attitude to the poor, on the development of the social consensus based on the principles of the economic growth requirements as well as on the sensitivity to the challenges of the poverty and society. Conclusions: the authors have reasoned and proven that the actions of the scientists, business and politics relating to the methodological paradigm of the economic policy of the development in the conditions of the global transformations and the Industry 4.0 should be grounded on the following principles and tasks: considering the dynamics of the transformation of the strategic goals and architectonics of the world economy and the society in the 21st century; achieving dominance build on the Industry 4.0 opportunities, as well as on the human-centric values of economic development intrinsic to human civilisation; limitation of excessively subjective beliefs of politicians and government officials regarding the contents of such a development which are often based in such features as low or insufficient education, knowledge, competencies, lack of significant experience, and, therefore, organisation capital and strategic thinkingwhich is dangerous as may generate chaos and entropy processes; therefore, the key principle of the conscious scientific way of forming the modern economic policy models should be overcoming the inertia of the paradigmatic thinking based on the absolutization of neoliberal paradigm; promoting the genesis of the post-neoliberal type of thinking with all the subjects of economic life.

This article is about how crowdfunding and crowdinvesting systems can be used during crises and hostilities. This article provides examples of different types of possible crowd-system. Research subject. Crowdfunding and crowdinvesting systems as the institutional instruments (P2P) which are used during crises and hostilities, among them are as follows: Violence Crowdfunding systems, General Crowdfunding Systems, and Crowdinvesting Systems alike. Methodology. The authors used a complex of research methods and approached as interdisciplinary approach, evidence-based approach, and practical business cases. Also, general scientific research methods were used (analysis and synthesis of information), as well as an inductive and deductive research methods. The goal of the article is to consider the prospects for the use of crowdfunding platforms as an element of solving the military crisis on the territory of Ukraine. Conclusions. The Special attention was paid to the war crises in Ukraine and the situation of the crowdfunding and crowdinvesting systems in Ukrainian society. It is provided detailed examples of the use of crowdsourcing systems in Ukraine during the war nowadays and explained the need for the creation of an independent Ukrainian crowdfunding platform. Additionally, the ways of the creation of such a platform are clarified. Ukrainian society during the military crisis gained experience in crowdfunding that was not familiar or even available. However, Ukrainian society is very actively popularizing crowdfunding or rather its foundations. Crowdfunding is currently most common when looking for funding for military needs: from mass arms purchases to financing individual soldiers. In a short time, thanks to the stress of war, many people have made crowdfunding a part of their lives and instilled this habit in society. The first crowdfunding platforms are already appearing to give Ukrainians the opportunity to fund some Ukrainian startups, companies, and ideas. One of the most difficult elements in creating and launching a crowdfunding platform is not building the platform itself, but integrating it. A decade ago, the creation of a crowdfunding platform and integration of the entire crowdfunding system, was a complicated and costly procedure. The most difficult thing is to integrate the platform into society so that mass use can begin.

Проанализированы причины имплементации политики жёсткой экономии, которая возникла как реакция на долговой кризис в глобальной экономике и, по неолиберальной логике, предполагает целесообразность сокращения бюджетных расходов стран с целью сдерживания роста государственного и гарантированного государством долга (внешнего и внутреннего), сбалансирование государственного бюджета и, что самое главное, восстановление доверия к институтам власти со стороны населения, инвесторов и других стейкхолдеров. Сделаны выводы относительно направлений совершенствования современного публичного финансового менеджмента на основе принципов фискальной демократии, таких как принцип справедливости, равноправия, прозрачности, приоритетности, временной и финансовой симметричности в перераспределении доходов государственного бюджета, учитывающие оперативные и стратегические потребности и интересы населения стран. Показано, что в развитых странах индекс фискальной демократии стремится к нулю, что является результатом зависимости экономики стран от внешних и внутренних долгов: обязательные расходы, включая и "мягкие инвестиции", финансируются за счёт долгов. Обосновано, что политика жёсткой экономии как инструмент публичного финансового менеджмента может приводить к противоположным результатам в странах с различным уровнем экономического развития, а поэтому должна реализовываться с учётом национальной специфики, структуры и эффективности экономики, учитывать социальные последствия, чтобы исключить чрезмерно негативные их крайние формы. К л ю ч е в ы е с л о в а : фискальная демократия, жёсткая экономия, экономический рост, государственный долг.