Neuropsychological studies in electrical injury patients have reported deficits in attention, learning, and working memory, but the neural substrates of these deficits remain poorly characterized. In this study we sought to examine whether electrical injury subjects demonstrate abnormal patterns of brain activation during working memory and procedural learning tasks. Fourteen electrical injury subjects and fifteen demographically matched healthy control subjects performed a spatial working memory paradigm and a procedural learning paradigm during functional MRI studies. For the spatial working memory task, electrical injury patients exhibited significantly greater activation in the middle frontal gyrus and motor and posterior cingulate cortices. Increased activation in EI subjects also was observed on a visually-guided saccade task in several sensorimotor regions, including the frontal and parietal eye fields and striatum. On the procedural learning task, electrical injury patients exhibited significantly less activation in the middle frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate cortex, and frontal eye fields than controls. This is the first study to document task-dependent, system-level cortical and subcortical dysfunction in individuals who had experienced an electrical shock trauma.

Іваненко Г. Ю., здoбувaч вищoї oсвiти обліково-фінансового факультету, Миколаївський національний агарний університет, м. Миколаїв, Україна Тарасенко В. П., здoбувaч вищoї oсвiти обліково-фінансового факультету, Миколаївський національний агарний університет, м. Миколаїв, Україна Управління та засоби мінімізації кредитного ризику банку Анотація. Ринок праці змінюється під впливом глобалізаційних процесів та активного проникнення цифрових Анотація. Охарактеризовано поняття управління кредитним ризиком, а саме-уточнено зміст «кредитний ризик» та «управління кредитного ризику». Окреслено причини, які зумовлюють виникнення кредитного ризику. Узагальнено усі функції суб'єктів управління кредитного ризику, які дозволяють розкрити зміст та сутність характеристики кредитного ризику. Обґрунтовано необхідність застосування антисипативного підходу для здійснення контролю та мінімізації кредитного ризику банку, концепція якого полягає у запобіганні виникненню істотних відхилень фактичного рівня кредитного ризику від встановлених норм на основі раннього розпізнавання загроз і вироблення випереджувальних реакцій на негативні зміни. Ключові слова: кредитний ризик; банківський ризик; методи мінімізації кредитного ризику; дефолт; антисипація; диверсифікація; лімітування; створення резервів, розподіл ризику.

The main purpose of the academic paper is to analyze the dynamics of microfinance services and assess their impact on the entrepreneurial activity of small and medium-sized enterprises and the consequences for the population. Methods of generalization, analysis, comparison, correlation and regression analysis have been used in order to achieve the purpose outlined. The academic paper considers the impact of microfinance services on the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises in the form of net profit. The results have showed that the impact of the cost of microfinance services on the development of financial activities of small and medium-sized businesses have a positive result, and, when using the proposed regression equation, the company will receive positive results in 2020-2024. The conducted correlation analysis of the impact of microfinance services on the level of the average salary of the population of Ukraine has revealed a high level of dependence of citizens on loans obtained. This is confirmed by the high correlation coefficient.

Introduction. In the current global crisis, the spread of globalization, unstable economy in the country, the emergence of threats related to the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic and the introduction of quarantine in the country, it is necessary to analyze their impact on banking institutions in Ukraine and accordingly to the national security of Ukraine. Purpose. The main purpose of the study is to analyze the current state of the banking services market of Ukraine during a pandemic and to develop practical recommendations for its further development. Results. The state of the Ukrainian market of banking services in the conditions of a pandemic is analyzed. The dynamics of operating banks in Ukraine is studied. The TOP-10 banking institutions according to the stability rating and the leaders of the people's rating of banking institutions are presented. It is noted that in modern conditions, the activities of banking institutions are extremely strongly influenced by external factors. The dynamics of gross domestic product volumes is considered. The dynamics of the discount rate of the National Bank of Ukraine is studied. The analysis of indicators of return on assets and capital of the banking system in Ukraine as a whole is carried out. Examples of adaptive solutions of banking institutions in Ukraine during a pandemic are given. It is noted that due to the introduction of quarantine in Ukraine, citizens began to actively and effectively use Internet technology to address their own issues and meet needs, thus accelerating the transition to the digital age. Conclusions. We are convinced that the introduction of adaptive measures of banking institutions in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic for other banks will help to minimize the negative consequences and possible risks associated with such exposure. Thanks to timely decisions on the functioning of banking institutions, re-planning, changing approaches to customer service, banking institutions were able to adapt to the conditions caused by the pandemic, and reduce possible risks, losses and threats to their activities and generally positively affect the economy.

Improving mortgage lending, increasing government spending on financing scientific research in the field of agriculture, improving the system of agricultural risk insurance, and providing tax incentives to agricultural enterprises can help increase the investment attractiveness of agricultural businesses. In order to attract external investors, agricultural enterprises should, in our opinion, offer their investment projects more widely at various forums dedicated to investment activities, and make efforts to form their own good investment image. One of the reasons for the high interest rates for lending to agricultural enterprises is the size of the Central Bank's discount rate. In banking, the Central Bank applies only a single discount rate, but in many industrialized countries, its size can be zero or even negative. The authors proposed to apply not one, but several discount rates of the Central Bank, depending on what specific purposes the commercial bank will spend the financial resources received from the Central Bank. In our opinion, for lending to agricultural enterprises, a commercial bank should be able to receive funds from the Central Bank at a discount rate close to zero, and in our opinion it will make it possible to reduce the interest rate when granting loans to agricultural enterprises.