The study analyzes the modern youth policy of the Russian Federation using the methodological foundations of the theory of human capital. In this context, the criteria for the efficiency of youth policy are defined. The authors argue that youth policy is one of the priority areas of activity that determines the improvement of the country’s human capital. Moreover, it is possible to designate the formation and development of well-rounded young people who demonstrate initiative, are responsible and patriotic, have an active civic position, beliefs and a system of values, and take an active part in political and public life.

Recognizing the existence of a crisis of civil identity, Russian state proclaims patriotic values an integral part of Russian state policy in documents of strategic importance. The need to educate citizenship and patriotism has ceased to be only a theoretical problem, and has found its embodiment in a large number of federal and regional programs. In comparison with the previous decades, the role and importance of civic identity and civic competence in modern Russia are becoming much more important. The civil competence of the student is formed by education-pedagogically organized purposeful process of development of the student as a person, a citizen, the development and adoption of values, moral attitudes and moral norms of societies. National security strategy of the Russian Federation (2015) relates to Russia's traditional spiritual and moral values: the priority of the spiritual over the material, protecting human life, rights and freedoms of the individual, family, creative work, service to the Fatherland, the norms of morality, humanity, mercy, justice, mutual aid, collectivism, historical unity of the peoples of Russia, the continuity of the history of our country. The formation of the civil identity of the young Russian personality forms with the help of Federal state educational standards of primary General, basic General and secondary General education, so the state policy in overcoming the crisis of civil identity devotes a large number of documents and programs to the field of education. The article attempts to trace how through normative and legal acts the state consistently tries to overcome the crisis of civil identity, identified by the scientific and expert community. Following the authors of state programs and the expert community studying the problems of identity crisis, it is noted in the article that the formation of civil identity is one of the most important conditions for the successful development of the country.

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This article is concerned with the features of the Russian national innovative system as the set of related various institutional structures in the context of the impact on the national sustainable development. The ability to quickly and efficiently master innovations, the speed of institutional changes and the openness of the economic system are analyzed as risks to the NIS development. It is shown that the low innovation susceptibility of society can become a serious obstacle on the way to the effective NIS. A range of issues related to the influence of political and sociocultural factors on the technological and investment abilities and capabilities of the country is problematized, the features of the functioning and development of the Russian national innovative system are shown.

The article examines the value foundations of entrepreneurial activity in Russia, reveals the national specifics of interaction between the state and business. In this regard, the authors analyze the causal mechanisms and socio-cultural prerequisites for structural deformations of classical forms of entrepreneurship in Russian society, the stereotypes of articulation of political and ethical justifications by entrepreneurship of economic strategies in their relationship with the characteristics of national human capital. Based on the methodological premises of W. Baumol's concept, the authors describe the patterns of transformation of entrepreneurial values, paying special attention to the sociocultural and political factors in the development of productive, unproductive and destructive (destructive) entrepreneurship in modern Russia. Productive entrepreneurship develops due to the generation of innovative rent, unproductive entrepreneurship makes a profit due to the redistribution of the state treasury and assets, and destructive entrepreneurship develops due to the use by political actors of their capabilities to force entrepreneurs to pay political rent. Historical examples demonstrate the role of private Russian capital in creating a system of "political rent seeking" unproductive for society and creating political preferences for the realization of economic interests. The focus of the article is also concentrated on the study of the correlation of the value attitudes of Russian business with the resource-oriented economy and the peculiarities of the Russian political regime, the historical and cultural context of the political discourses of Russian business entities, which creates, establishes or imposes rules and norms not only economic, but also political, social, legal behavior. The manifested values, meanings and political and ethical substantiation by Russian business of everyday economic practices and their movement into the political sphere are revealed; historical forms of expression of political positions by entrepreneurship are decoded. On the other hand, the article analyzes the political mechanisms of the state's construction of the institutional design of entrepreneurship and its management.