The authors of the article presented a visual technique for programming the yield of potato tubers by using mathematical models of the relationship with the chemical composition of the soil. The content of N-NO3 and P2O5 varied in the range of 14.7-35.0 mg/kg and 37.1-39.0 mg/kg of soil. The increase in the content of these nutrients was accompanied by an increase in the productivity of potato tubers from 1 ha. The results of the study showed that the yield value is closely related to the content of N-NO3 and P2O5 in the soil in the initial phase of crop growth. The verification of the calculation methods showed a forecast error by comparing the actual yield data with the predicted results. The established quantitative indicators with the help of mathematical communication models make it possible to diagnose the value of potato yield and normalize the effect of fertilizers.

A key way of assessing plants' requirements for fertilizers is field experience. It allows you to establish the effectiveness of the fertilizers used in a particular crop, to identify the relationships between the chemical compositions of the soil, plants, crops and to develop a comprehensive method for optimizing the mineral nutrition of plants. On chestnut soils, the effect of doses of nitrogen fertilizers for potatoes in the ratios 1-3:1:1 (N 45 -135 Р 45 К 45 ) was studied. Reliably obtained high increases from nitrogen at a dose of 90 kg A.I./ha concerning the control -4.5 t/ha (14.9%) and to the background 3.1 t / ha (9.8%) . In all cases, the payback ranged from 0.156 to 0.25 c in the control and 0.2-0.4 c in the background (P 1 K 1 ). The studies were carried out to diagnose the need for batteries on typical chestnut soils in the conditions of the Pavlodar region of Northern Kazakhstan. Below is a summary of the assessment of various dosages of nitrogen fertilizers for potatoes on the background of phosphorus-potassium nutrition.

The authors carried out long-term research on the effect of mineral fertilizers on the “Gala” potato variety in the Pavlodar region. The relationship was established between the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium chemical composition of the potato plant in certain phases of growth and development. Various chemical and biochemical processes occur in soil and plants every second. The productivity of plants (y) depends on how the processes take place and proceed, since it is a function of the chemical composition (x) of the leaves: y = f x. The theoretical foundations of plant diagnostics are based on the role of nutrients in the formation of the crop, starting from the early stages of development. According to Yu. I. Ermokhin, the theory of this research provides information on the needs of plants, and in practice these needs must be satisfied. The authors carried out field experiments with fertilizers to obtain the sought-for connections from the low to the optimal content between the ratio of nutrients in the potato plant, which is confirmed by high correlation coefficients (r = 0.79-0.97). If the nitrogen content is higher than the optimal 4.64% in the 7-leaf phase and 4.16% in the flowering phase, then the nature of the ovary takes on a different meaning and the equation is described in a quadratic parabola form. Keywords: potato, harvest, nutrition, fertilizers, plant growth

Abstract. Purpose is to increase the total yield of forage crops for the preparation of multipurpose forages in the environmental conditions of the Akmola region of Kazakhstan. Scientific novelty. Introduce a zonal scheme for the use of forage crops for cutting. Under the influence of environmental factors and scientifically grounded mowing, we influence the elements of the structure of the crop as the number of stems per 1 m2; stem weight, g; height, cm, in order to increase the total yield for each crop and, in general, the total yield of green mass in the cutting scheme. Green mass of different development and, accordingly, chemical composition, is intended for the preparation of juicy and fortified feed. The production of meat and dairy products is based on the access of animals to high-quality, balanced and varied feed. In the Akmola region, it is recommended to cultivate corn (Zea mays), alfalfa variable (Medicago varia Mart), as well as a promising crop such as Trans-Baikal Knotweed (Aconogonon divaricatum (L.) Nakai) from traditional crops. Methods. The study “Cultivation of forage crops for different purposes: silage (corn, Trans-Baikal Knotweed), haylage (alfalfa, knotweed), vitamin-grass flour (alfalfa, knotweed), depending on the patterns of cutting use: 1 and 2” was carried out in conditions of a moderately arid steppe for three years from 2012 to 2015. The counts and observations were carried out in accordance with the methodological instructions of the V. R. Williams All-Russian Research Institute of Feed. The experimental data were processed by the method of mathematical statistics presented by B. A. Dospekhov. Results. Among the tested cuttings use schemes, the results on the yield of a multi-purpose crop and structural elements differed in scheme 2. Thus, in the Trans-Baikal knotweed, the total yield was 54.72 t/ha, in alfalfa, respectively, 19.12 t/ha, in corn 13.80 t/ha. We recommend using this scheme in years with optimal environmental conditions. The air temperature and precipitation affect the green mass of crops in different ways. Namely, on the yield of the Trans-Baikal Knotweed: at the level of R2yx*z – 43 %, alfalfa – 8 %, corn – 3 %. The supply of juicy and fortified fodder in the Akmola region will be 42 %, the remaining 58 % will be represented by roughage and grain waste.