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HighlightsSelenium nanoparticles has important role in repression of cytogenetic toxicity and DNA damage in hepatocellular carcinoma rat model.HCC rat model treated with doxorubicin drug had low frequencies in DNA damage, chromosomal aberrations and micronucleus formation than untreated animals.Treatment of HCC rat model with doxorubicin and Nano-Se together resulted in decreased cytogenetic toxicity. So the combination of doxorubicin with nanoselenium better than doxorubicin alone.More scientific studies are needed to support the use of Nano-Se for human disease prevention or lifespan extension.

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Tramadol is a common drug of abuse which has been shown to cause neurodegeneration in the rat brain. Cytidine-5'-diphosphocholine or citicoline is an intermediate in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine and is in use in humans for the treatment of several brain pathologies. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of citicoline on oxidative stress and tissue injury caused by tramadol, an opioid drug. Rats were treated with tramadol at 30 mg/kg alone or in combination with citicoline at 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg orally, once a day, for 10 days. Other groups were treated with only 0.9% saline or only citicoline at 200 mg/kg. Lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde), nitric oxide, reduced glutathione (GSH), and paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) activity were measured in the serum. Bone marrow DNA fragmentation assay and micronucleus test were also done. In addition, histopathological examination of the brain, liver, and kidney, and immunohistochemical staining for glial cell acidic fibrillary protein (GFAP) in the cerebral cortex were performed. Results indicated that compared to the saline-treated group, repeated tramadol administration led to significant increases in serum malondialdehyde and nitric oxide concentrations by 50.0% and 70.0%, respectively. There was also a decline in GSH content and PON-1 activity in the serum by 26.3% and 51.4%, respectively. Tramadol caused marked DNA fragmentation and increased the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MnPCE) in bone marrow by 192.8% and 876.3%, respectively, compared with the corresponding saline control values. Histopathological studies revealed neuronal degeneration (acidophilic cytoplasm and dark nuclei) and decreased GFAP immunostaining in the cerebral cortex of tramadol-treated rats. The liver exhibited fibrosis, apoptotic hepatocytes, and inflammatory cell infiltration. Vacuolar degeneration of the tubular lining epithelium and edema of glomeruli were observed in the kidney. Citicoline administered to saline-treated rats at a dose of 200 mg/kg showed no significant effect on serum malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, GSH concentrations, or PON-1 activity compared with the saline control group. Citicoline by itself had no effect on DNA fragmentation or the number of MnPCE in the bone marrow. In tramadol-treated rats, however, citicoline (50-200 mg/kg) resulted in a significantly decreased malondialdehyde by 23.8%-31.6%. Nitric oxide decreased by 29.2%-36.2% after citicoline at 50-200 mg/kg. There was also a significant increase in both GSH by 19.6%-33.6% and in PON-1 activity by 54.8%-125.7%. In addition, citicoline caused a significant decrease in DNA fragmentation (by 29.2%-52.4%) and the number of MnPCE in the bone marrow (by 20.5%-59.5%) in tramadol-treated rats. Histopathological changes caused by tramadol in the brain, liver, and

One of the effective approaches for genetic improvement of productivity traits in farm animals is markerassisted selection (MAS) depending on the genetic markers that are associated with superior productivity traits. The improvement of fertility trait is one of the main targets in small ruminant breeding programs. This work aimed to identify RFLPs and SNPs variations among three fertility genes in Egyptian sheep and goat breeds. RFLP analysis of the amplified fragments at 462-bp from exon 1 of GDF9 using HpaII endonuclease showed the presence of two genotypes GG and AG. Depending on the presence of the restriction site of TaqI endonuclease (T^CGA) in the 348-bp amplified fragment from exon 5 of GPR54 gene, the results showed the presence of two alleles, C and T with three genotypes, viz. CC, TT and CT. The PCR amplified fragments of 190-bp from FecB gene were digested with AvaII restriction enzyme and the results showed that all tested animals had the same homozygous non-carrier genotype (++). It was concluded that the identification of genetic structure and nucleotide sequences of GDF9, GPR54 and FecB genes is considered the first step towards the genetic improvements of fertility trait in Egyptian small ruminants where these genes are associated with different fertility traits parameter like ovulation rate, ovarian follicular development, puberty and litter size in small ruminant breeds.