Objectives The present study aims to reveal the systemic effects of submucosal injection of plasma-rich platelets (PRP) on blood inflammatory markers which was used in an attempt to reduce the retraction time of the upper canine following extraction of upper maxillary premolars for patients with bimaxillary protrusion. Hypothesis No change on comparing the values of blood inflammatory markers before and after submucosal injection of PRP. Methods Eighteen female patients with bimaxillary protusion were selected from patients seeking orthodontic treatment from the College of Dentistry/University of Sulaimai, whose maxillary and mandibular first premolars were decided to be extracted after proper diagnosis. Thirty-three blood markers (twenty hematological and thirteen biochemical markers) were estimated before orthodontic bracketing, 24 hours and 7 days following submucosal injection of PRP (5 cc) to reveal the systematic effect of PRP on blood inflammatory markers that were used in an attempt to reduce the retraction time of the upper canine following extraction of upper maxillary premolars for patients with bimaxillary protrusion. Results The results indicate nonsignificant differences in the values of all blood markers except for gamma GT (GGT), PDWa, serum albumin, serum total protein, and total calcium. Gamma level significantly increased for both test intervals. On the other hand, there was a significant drop in the value of PDWa while for alkaline phosphatase, there was a drop within the first 24 hr of PRP injection while after 7 days the value was significantly increased. On the other hand, there was a drop in the level of serum albumin, while there was an increase in the serum total protein and total calcium. Conclusion Submucosal injection of PRP could lead to systematic alteration of blood parameters including ALK phosphatase, gamma GT, serum albumin, and serum total protein, which may be related to liver function in addition to increase in the level of PDWa and serum calcium. We present evidence that PRP contains and may trigger systemic effect. Thus, further investigation is recommended to follow up the patient for a longer period of time and on a larger sample. This trial is registered with U1111-1221-8829 by Sri Lanka Clinical Trial Registry, SLCTR/2018/040, and No. 64 on 6th August 2018 at the local clinical studies database, College of Dentistry.

Objective: The present study aimed to reveal the effects of submucosal injection of Plasma Rich Platelets (PRP) on the rate of canine retraction.           Methods: Eighteen females with bimaxillary protrusion were selected from patients seeking orthodontic treatment, College of the Dentistry/University of Sulaimani, whose maxillary and mandibular first premolars were decided to be extracted after proper diagnosis. It’s a split-mouth design; the upper left side was the control side while the upper right side served as the intervention side (submucosal injection of PRP); after aligning and leveling, the retraction phase was initiated on .017× .025 Stainless steel archwire with power chain from the canine bracket to temporary anchorage device inserted between the upper 2nd premolar and 1st molar at the same level for both sides. The elastomeric chains were changed every two weeks. Scanned intraoral images were obtained by intra- oral CEREC omnicam scanner before retraction and at the end of retraction to measure the amount of canine movement using inLab CAM 15.0 software 2015. Results: A highly significant acceleration of canine retraction on the intervention side compared with the control side at p <.0001 with a rate of 29.1% higher overall retraction phase (108 days).   Conclusions: Submucosal injection of PRP is a minimally-invasive and low-cost method that can be used for accelerating orthodontic tooth movement.

Introduction: Interproximal enamel reduction is a part of the orthodontic treatment as a method of space generation in addition to other vast indications. Some studies found that different techniques might impose changes to the enamel surface that alter its topography, which in turn might influence its integrity and susceptibility to caries. Polishing, however, after this procedure is thought to be helpful to reduce these adverse effects. Aim: To evaluate the nano-topography of the enamel surfaces after interproximal reduction (IPR) and determine its influence on enamel surface roughness and examine the need for polishing to minimise these influences, when combined with topical fluoride application. Methods: A total of 60 proximal surfaces of 40 extracted maxillary premolars (10 premolars left unprepared as the control group) were reduced with different stripping instruments (discs, burs and manual strip system). The surface roughness of enamel was analysed with an atomic force microscope to determine the results quantitatively as well as qualitatively on the nanoscopic scale. One of each proximal surface was followed by polishing and fluoride varnish after the reduction. Results: The results showed that surface roughness was increased in all groups without polishing. The greatest mean roughness was recorded for the disc group (212 ±125.7), followed by the bur group (172 ±93.1) and manual strips (153.8±106.7). The difference between the groups, however, was not significant for both mean roughness ( P = 0.656) and height ( P = 0.737). The parameters were decreased after polishing in all groups but the difference between methods was not significant for both parameters ( P = 0.946 and P = 0.849); however, the mean height was reduced to nearly half the reading in the bur and manual strip method. The disc group only showed a statistically significant decrease in surface roughness with polishing ( P < 0.05). All other results were not significant. Conclusion: All methods of interproximal reduction do not influence enamel surface nanotopography significantly with and without polishing. Polishing resulted in significant reduction of surface roughness only in the disc group.

Introduction Anchorage loss is a reciprocal reaction that could obstruct the success of orthodontic treatment by complicating the anteroposterior correction of the malocclusion and possibly detracting from facial esthetics. 1 Many attempts have been done to increase anchorage by studying the effects of different systemic or local application of medications or the intake of dietary supplements, such as vitamins, 2 minerals, 3 hormones, 4 proteins 5 and immunomodulators 6 on the rate of tooth movement during orthodontic treatment. Kohno et al 7 injected anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antibody into the buccal gingival groove of experimentally moved teeth in mice. Clinically there was reduction in the amount of tooth movement and in the relapse, and the histological section demonstrated a significant decrease in the number of osteoclasts. Liu et al 8 used Clodronate solution as a local injection into the subperiosteal area adjacent to the left upper molar of rats in a dose of 2.5, 10 and 40 mM which subjected to orthodontic movement with a standardized expansion spring. Clinically there was a significant and dose dependent reduction in tooth movement in the experimental rats. The local injection of epidermal growth factor in liposome in a dose of 2 ng/µl into the region of root furcation of the left first molar of Wister rats after elastic band insertion led to increase in the rate of osteoclast recruitment, producing faster bone resorption and tooth movement. 9 Bone sialoprotein (BSP) is a highly sulfated, phosphorylated, and glycosylated protein that is expressed almost in Background and objective: Bone sialoprotein is a mineralized tissue-specific protein expressed in differentiated osteoblasts that appear to function in the initial mineralization of bone. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of local bone sialoprotein on increasing the rate of anchorage during orthodontic tooth movement. Methods: This study used 14 dogs wearing orthodontic appliance for 40 days. They were divided equally into two groups; experimental group that injected with 0.1 µg /10µL sialoprotein around the anchoring tooth in three different time intervals, while the other control group received normal saline injection. Different clinical measurements including loss of anchorage, space closure, rotation, tipping and extrusion were done on the stone casts of each dog before and after tooth retraction. Results: Clinical measurements revealed a highly significant difference between experimental and control group regarding loss of anchorage and space closure. The sialoprotein injected group showed less loss of anchorage than control group and the space closure was higher in experimental group than in the control group. Conclusion: This study showed that the local injection of sialoiprotein reduced movement of the anchoring tooth during orthodontic treatment and provided higher stability for the anchoring tooth.

Background and objectives:The contemporary demand for an accelerated orthodontic treatment associated with the disadvantage of complicated and difficult surgical procedures and corticotomies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the more conservative orthocision technique as a way for accelerating orthodontic treatment. Methods: Ten patients that matched the inclusion criteria were included in the study, which required orthodontic distalization of canines. The contralateral side of each patient used as a control for the experimental side with vertical incisions and decortication of bone with piezo knife both mesial and distal to the retracted canine after alignment and before starting retraction with power chain on 0.017*0.025 inch stainless steel wire. The pre-and post-treatment photographed cast superimpositions were used to quantify the canine distalization and molar anchorage loss and Muhelmans index was used for evaluating preand post-retraction tooth mobility in this study. Results: Statistical analysis showed a highly significant difference between the control side and orthocision side regarding canine distalization distance and time duration and molar anchorage loss. A non-significant result revealed regarding mobility scoring between control and orthocision sides, also a highly significant difference was present between control side and experimental side regarding transverse changes. Conclusions: Orthocision is an effective and a non-invasive way to accelerate orthodontic treatment.