Ecosystems globally are under threat from ongoing anthropogenic environmental change. Effective conservation management requires more thorough biodiversity surveys that can reveal system‐level patterns and that can be applied rapidly across space and time. Using modern ecological models and community science, we integrate environmental DNA and Earth observations to produce a time snapshot of regional biodiversity patterns and provide multi‐scalar community‐level characterization. We collected 278 samples in spring 2017 from coastal, shrub, and lowland forest sites in California, a complex ecosystem and biodiversity hotspot. We recovered 16,118 taxonomic entries from eDNA analyses and compiled associated traditional observations and environmental data to assess how well they predicted alpha, beta, and zeta diversity. We found that local habitat classification was diagnostic of community composition and distinct communities and organisms in different kingdoms are predicted by different environmental variables. Nonetheless, gradient forest models of 915 families recovered by eDNA analysis and using BIOCLIM variables, Sentinel‐2 satellite data, human impact, and topographical features as predictors, explained 35% of the variance in community turnover. Elevation, sand percentage, and photosynthetic activities (NDVI32) were the top predictors. In addition to this signal of environmental filtering, we found a positive relationship between environmentally predicted families and their numbers of biotic interactions, suggesting environmental change could have a disproportionate effect on community networks. Together, these analyses show that coupling eDNA with environmental predictors including remote sensing data has capacity to test proposed Essential Biodiversity Variables and create new landscape biodiversity baselines that span the tree of life.

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Propolis is a honeybee product collected from plants sap. This resinous substance is used to build and maintain the nest. Propolis has long been declared as a safe material for health maintaining. The purpose of this research was to study the potential use of Propolis as an immunomodulator in Penicillin-G-induced Wistar rats. A total of 30 male rats aged 5 months with 200-240 grams body weight were divided into 6 groups: Control Placebo (im injection of aquabidest+oral administration of NaCl 0.9%); Control Penicillin (im injection of 21.6 mg Penicillin+oral administration of NaCl 0.9%); Control Propolis (im injection of aquabidest+oral administration of 27.0 mg Propolis); Treatment 1 (im injection of 21.6 mg Penicillin+oral administration of 13.5 mg Propolis); Treatment 2 (im injection of 21.6 mg Penicillin+oral administration of 27.0 mg Propolis); and Treatment 3 (im injection of 21.6 mg Penicillin+oral administration of 40.5 mg Propolis). Leukocytes profile (total and differential counts), body temperature, and urine acidity (pH) before and after treatment were determined as pretest and posttest data. Data were analyzed statistically using ANOVA followed by DMRT (p <0.05). Results showed that administration of Propolis significantly increased neutrophils count above the normal range (more than 4.41x10 3 /L), whereas significantly decreased lymphocytes count below the normal range (less than 6.75x10 3 /L). This causes the value of N/L ratio increased significantly. Administration of Penicillin and the combination with Propolis significantly increased body temperature (above 38C), while treatment with Propolis alone did not induce fever or inflammation (normal temperature 37-38C). Administration of Propolis reduced urine acidity due to the impact of the administration of Penicillin (pH 5.5-7.0). It can be concluded that oral administration of Propolis in Penicillin G-induced male Wistar rats exhibited immunosuppressive effect on lymphocytes. It was suggested as the role of Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), the main bioactive compound in Propolis which also acts as an antiinflammatory agent. Further research is still needed to support this finding.