hatalar, ölçme işlemini yapan kişiden kaynaklandığı için ölçme işleminin doğasında olan bir durumdur ve istatistiksel kestirimler bu hatalardan yararlanır. İkinci hata ise sistematik hata olarak adlandırılır. Ölçümlere karışan sistematik hatalara yanlılık (bias) adı verilir (Campbell ve Fiske 1959). Bu hata ölçme aracından kaynaklanır ve istatistiksel modellerin yanlış kestirilmelerine yol

The tourism is an industry that makes extensive use of natural heritage sites. It has long been debated whether tourism is a threat to natural heritage sites. This research has been written to contribute to these discussions. In the study, the author(s) aims to determine the effects and threat levels of tourism in World Natural Heritage Sites. Within the scope of the research, the impact of tourism on 24 samples selected from UNESCO natural heritage sites was examined with multi-criteria decision-making methods. According to the results of the research, the highest endangerment level among the selected NHS are "Lake Malawi National Park", "Machu Picchu Historic Sanctuary" and "Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park", while "Atlantic Forest Southeast Reserves", "Sinharaja Forest Conservation Area" and "Vredefort Dome" were found to be the least affected sites. The research results were discussed with the implications developed in accordance with the contexts of the selected NHS.NHSCases.docx

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In contemporary museology, visitor relations have become increasingly important. This has led museums to adopt a visitororiented approach. Although many aspects of visitor experiences are investigated in the literature, it is observed that emotional experiences are not explained in a comprehensive way. This study aims to discover the emotions that the artefacts in museums located in Eskisehir, Turkey arouse at the visitors. Initially, the museum websites were scanned and information about museums was obtained. Then, nine museums, which included artefacts in their collection that can transfer emotions with a specific theme, were chosen. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 127 participants who visited the chosen museums. The interviews evaluated the participants' emotional status based on L. N. Tolstoy's Theory of Emotional Transference. The themes of antimimicry, romanticism, expressionism, transference intensity and the emotions' nature are derived from this theory. The overall finding is that museums can provide emotional transference apart from anti-mimicry and religious feelings. In addition, the results are important in terms of demonstrating the effect of the museum themes and the emotional statements of the artefacts on visitors.