: This study aims to examine distance music education practices in the pandemic period in line with the opinions of pre-school teacher candidates. The study, in which the single case study design, one of the qualitative research approaches, was used, was carried out with 22 preschool teacher candidates studying at the Kafkas University, Turkey. The data were collected through a semi-structured interview form created by the researchers in line with expert opinions. The obtained data were collected under different themes and analyzed with content analysis. The results of the study showed that the acquisitions made by the preschool teacher candidates during distance music education were mainly based on a theoretical foundation. It was found that the greatest practical deficiency occurred in learning a musical instrument.The participants mostly expressed their views on saving time and space as the positive aspects of distance education. On the other hand, negative results were also obtained, such as the inadequacy of mutual communication in the distance education process, the lack of infrastructure in practice, and the limited course time. In future studies, it is recommended to implement synchronized applications, especially for instrument training, by supporting online materials.
Bu araştırmada, Covid-19 pandemisi sürecinde Eğitim Bilişim Ağı (EBA) üzerinden yapılan uzaktan müzik eğitimi uygulamalarına ilişkin müzik öğretmenlerinin görüşlerinin belirlenmesi ve bu süreçte verilen müzik eğitiminin genel görünümünün bu görüşler aracılığıyla ortaya konması amaçlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda araştırmanın çalışma grubu, Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı (MEB) bünyesinde devlet okullarında çalışan ve çevrimiçi ders yapan 15 müzik öğretmeni olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışma, nitel araştırma yaklaşımlarından durum çalışması desenindedir.Veriler, görüşme tekniği ile Covid-19 pandemisi nedeniyle okulların uzaktan eğitime geçtiği 2019-2020 eğitim-öğretim yılının II. döneminde toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın verilerinin çözümlenmesi aşamasında içerik analizi tekniği uygulanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, müzik öğretmenlerinin büyük bir kısmının uzaktan eğitim konusunda deneyimi olmadığı ve bu yeni duruma uyum süreci yaşadıkları, yüz yüze eğitimin müzik eğitimine daha uygun bir sistem olduğunu ancak yaşanan pandemi sürecinde yapılan uzaktan eğitim uygulamasının gerekli olduğunu düşündükleri tespit edilmiştir. Müzik öğretmenlerinin dersleri etkinlik temelli bir biçimde gerçekleştirdikleri, öğretim materyali olarak çoğunlukla video ve ses dosyası kullandıkları görülmüştür. Öğretmenlerin; derslerde ortaya çıkan internet, cihaz, bağlantı sorunlarının ve öğrencilerin ders esnasında kamera kullanmamalarının sınıf yönetimini olumsuz etkilediği görüşünde yoğunlaştıkları sonucu ortaya çıkmıştır. Ayrıca kapanma sürecinin, öğretmenlerin kendilerini mesleki bakımdan geliştirebilmeleri için daha çok zaman kazandırdığı, öğrencilerin derslere katılımının ise genel olarak düşük düzeyde olduğu görüşlerine ulaşılmıştır.
This study aims to analyze the distance guitar education provided by universities during the pandemic process based on the opinions of guitar educators. Twenty-six guitar instructors (academicians) who taught guitar in 24 universities participated in the study, and the data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Findings were interpreted under five categories, which were technical resources, functionality, motivation, guitar studies, and evaluation. It was found that technical problems, for example, audio delays, disconnection, and freezing were encountered. Although technical issues on the guitar can be overcome to a certain extent, it was reported that works such as musicality, and nuance were not reflected in the course. It was also emphasized that the technological possibilities are insufficient in reflecting the depths of the sound coming out of the guitar, and individual instrument guitar lessons must not be considered separately from face-to-face education. It was concluded that distance education leaves out the emotional aspects of music, and distance education can continue to support face-to-face education in the future.
This research aims to determine effects of polyphonic performance of Turkish Music melodies containing Hüseyni maqam with modal jazz harmony on undergraduate piano students. Accordingly, "one group pretestposttest pattern",one of the weak experimental modals, has been used in the survey. In scope of the research, a piano curriculum based upon the components such as a general information about modal jazz harmony and chord setups has been applied to the students over two studies that are composed with dorian scale and two folk songs performed polyphonically in Hüseyni maqam. The effect of the applied piano curriculum on students' piano performance has been analysed. As Hüseyni maqam in Turkish Music resembles dorian scale, the studies used for the curriculum have been made based on dorian scale. A six-week curriculum was applied to the students in the process level of the experimental period of the research. The pretest-posttest piano performance success of the students has been analysed by using piano performance rating form prepared pursuant to learned opinion. Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and r effect size were calculated in the analysis process. As a result of the survey, it has been Özet Araştırma ile Türkiye'de lisans düzeyinde piyano eğitimi gören öğrenciler için modal caz armonisi ile çokseslendirilen Hüseyni makamı içerikli Türk müziği ezgilerinin, öğrencilerin piyano performanslarına olan etkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda, araştırmada zayıf deneysel modellerden "tek grup ön test-son test desen" kullanılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında, öğrencilere; doryen dizi ile bestelenmiş iki etüt ve çokseslendirilmiş iki hüseyni içerikli türkü üzerinden modal caz armonisine ilişkin genel bilgiler, akor kurulumları vb. öğelere dayanan bir piyano öğretim programı uygulanmıştır. Uygulanan piyano öğretim programının öğrenci piyano performanslarına olan etkisi incelenmiştir. Türk müziğindeki Hüseyni makamı dizisi ile doryen dizi benzerlik gösterdiği için öğretim programında kullanılan etütler, doryen dizi temel alınarak oluşturulmuştur. Araştırmanın deneysel sürecinin işlem evresinde öğrencilere altı haftalık piyano öğretim programı uygulanmıştır.Öğrencilerin öntest-sontest piyano performans başarıları, uzman görüşleri çerçevesinde oluşturulan piyano performans değerlendirme formu uygulanarak incelenmiştir. Analiz işlemlerinde Wilcoxon İşaretli Sıralar testi ve r etki büyüklüğü değerleri hesaplanmıştır.
In Turkey, the musical hearing-reading-writing lesson that is based on classical western music has an important place in the institutions where mainly vocational music education is given. The solfege that is a great dimension of this lesson means vocalising the notes on stave consonant to their frequency, time and rhythmic structure. Polyphonic solfege in solfege training of these institutions where musical education is given in Turkey is important as it includes polyphony, the most important component of classical western music, and gives students the polyphonic culture. Starting from this point of view, there are books commonly used especially in homophonic solfege training such as Albert Lavignac's Solfege Des Solfeges 1a, 2a, 1b, 2b, 2c, 3a,on the other hand, the books of the same series written for polyphonic solfege are available as well. They are composed in two voice, three voice and four voice structures. These books creates a series including 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b that consist of two voice-solfege; 8a, 8b that consist of three voice-solfege and 9a, 9b that consist of four voice-solfege. From this point of view, the main problem status of the survey is examining two voice, three voice and four voice-solfeges in the 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9b Solfege Des Solfeges books prepared by Albert Lavignac in accordance with various parameters. By looking at the main problem status of the survey, the problem sentence has been determined as: "How are the content status of the polyphonic solfeges used in Solfege Des Solfege series?" According to this, polyphonic solfeges have been analysed in terms of book name, part number, major-minor structure, tonality name, clef usage, beat, speed term, rhythmic patterns, voice limits and expression-nuance terms. In the survey, content analysis method, which is among the qualitative analysis, has been used. Each solfege has been subjected to content analysis by using the parameters mentioned above. The obtained data has been expressed by giving frequency (f) and percent (%) values. Frequency and percent values related to the survey results have been presented by visualising through tables and graphics.
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