Chitosan (CHI) is a natural biopolymer with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and digestive modulatory effects, which can be used in the ruminant diet to replace antibiotics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of CHI on lamb growth traits, nutrients digestibility, muscle and fatty deposition, meat fatty acid (FA) profile, meat quality traits and serum metabolome. Thirty 30-month-old male lambs, half Suffolk and half Dorper, with an average BW of 21.65 ± 0.86 kg, were fed in a feedlot system for a total of 70 days. The lambs were separated into two groups according to the diet: the control (CON) group which received the basal diet and the CHI group which received the basal diet with the addition of CHI as 2 g/kg of DM in the diet. Lambs supplemented with CHI had a greater (P < 0.05) final BW, DM intake, final body metabolic weight (P < 0.05) and lower residual feed intake than the CON group. Animals fed CHI had a greater (P < 0.05) starch digestibility at 14 and 28 days, average daily gain at 14, 42 and 56 days, greater feed efficiency at 28 days and feed conversation at 14 and 42 days in feedlot. Most of the carcass traits were not affected (P > 0.05) by the treatment; however, the CHI supplementation improved (P < 0.05) dressing and longissimus muscle area. The treatments had no effect (P > 0.05) on the meat colour and other quality measurements. Meat from the CHI-fed lambs had a greater concentration (P < 0.05) of oleic-cis-9 acid, linoleic acid, linolenic-trans-6 acid, arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid. According to the variable importance in projection score, the most important metabolites to differentiate between the CON and the CHI group were hippurate, acetate, hypoxanthine, arginine, malonate, creatine, choline, myo-inositol, 2-oxoglutarate, alanine, glycerol, carnosine, histidine, glutamate and 3-hydroxyisobutyrate. Similarly, fold change (FC) analysis highlighted succinate (FC = 1.53), arginine (FC = 1.51), hippurate (FC = 0.68), myo-inositol (FC = 1.48), hypoxanthine (FC = 1.45), acetate (FC = 0.73) and malonate (FC = 1.35) as metabolites significantly different between groups. In conclusion, the present data showed that CHI changes the muscle metabolism improving muscle mass deposition, the lamb’s performance and carcass dressing. In addition, CHI led to an alteration in the FA metabolism, changes in the meat FA profile and improvements in meat quality.
Objetivou-se por meio de atividades extensionistas orientar e incentivar produtores da agricultura familiar do município de Espinosa quanto ao uso de tecnologias de forma estratégica visando aumentar a produção de leite e/ou carne ao longo do ano. O desenvolvimento das ações para os produtores familiares da região de Espinosa-MG foi realizado a partir de Julho de 2017. A princípio, foram realizadas reuniões com a Secretaria de Agricultura do município e com as famílias produtoras, com a finalidade de interagir e explicar o papel da Unimontes no local, bem como a troca de saberes e conhecimento histórico, área local e a comunidade como um todo. Houve participação de 40 produtores rurais de várias comunidades no primeiro encontro de extensão relacionado à produção e manejo de palma forrageira. Houve participação de 60 produtores de várias comunidades na reunião referente às estratégias de suplementação. Detecta-se a importância da continuidade das palestras e orientações técnicas aos produtores da região com intuito de incrementar a produção animal/vegetal, a oferta de produtos de melhor qualidade e a fonte de renda dos envolvidos no sistema de produção.
Objetivou-se avaliar o pH, as perdas por gases e efluentes e o valor nutricional da silagem de milheto[Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] com Leucena (Leucaena leucocephala(Lam.) de Wit). O experimento foi realizado em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado sendo utilizado o milhetocom concentrações crescentes de leucena (10, 20, 30 e 40% da matéria natural) e tratamento controle com cinco repetições. O pH (P=0,70) não foi influenciado pela inclusão da leucena, apresentando média de 4,2. As perdas por gases (P= 0,03) e por efluentes (P<0,01) reduziram 0,0961 % da MS e 0,02 kg t-1 para cada 1% de inclusão da leucena na ensilagem, respectivamente.Os níveis de inclusão da leucena influenciaram de forma linear crescente o teor de matéria seca (0,0747%), proteína bruta (0,070 %), extrato etéreo (0,008%), e lignina (0,1481%) da silagem demilheto com leucena. Adegradabilidade potencial padronizada (Bp) da fibra em detergente ácido (FDA) apresentou efeito linear decrescente (P<0,01), sendo que para cada ponto percentual de inclusão da leucena houve redução de 0,36%. Não houve efeito da inclusão da leucena sobre a degradabilidade efetiva a 2, 5 e 8% com médias de 20,39, 11,44 e 7,99% respectivamente. A fração indegradável padronizada (Ip) apresentou efeito linear crescente (P<0,01), com média de 54,97%. O tempo de colonização (TC) ajustou-se ao modelo quadrático de regressão. A inclusão de 40% de leucena na ensilagem do milhetomelhora as características e o valor nutricional da silagem.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance, carcass yield and economic indices of different types of supplementation in the termination of Nellore cattle reared in a pasture system. Thirty-four cattle, with an average weight of 480.4±34.6 kg, submitted to two treatments, animals fed protein-energy supplementation and fed only with energy supplementation, distributed in a completely randomized design, where each animal was considered an experimental repetition. In relation to performance, dry matter consumption in absolute value and in relation to weight, total weight gain, daily weight gain, final weight, hot carcass weight and carcass yield were evaluated. To obtain the economic indices, the revenue of the commercialization and net income per animal were generated from the performance and market price data. The data were submitted to variance analysis and for the medias applied the F. Test There was difference for the average daily gain and the total weight gain. The animals that received the energy supplement had higher average daily gain (1,422 kg/day) compared to animals receiving the protein-energy supplement (0.940 kg/day), which reflected in greater final weight, but profitability was similar (R$ 170.23 and R$ 149.53 per animal). Regarding the other variables, there was no effect of the different supplementations. Therefore, the economic return in relation to nutritional investment in the termination of nellore cattle reared in pasture is similar between protein-energy and energy supplementation.
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