A formação da paisagem da Microrregião de Tomé-Açu (MRGTA) caminha pari passu com a reorganização e a configuração espacial desse território, agrupando intencionalidades sociais, que introduzem nos lugares onde aportam novas temporalidades e espacialidades segundo as lógicas dos mercados mundiais. As estradas, a exploração agropecuária e a expansão urbana são algumas das perturbações significativas nas Unidades de Paisagens (UPs) rurais dessa microrregião. O desafio deste trabalho foi ler e interpretar os Mosaicos de Unidades Homogêneas (MUH) através do sistema hierarquizado tripolar bertrandiano GTP (Geossistema-Território-Paisagem), das unidades superiores e inferiores, destacando a complexidade da paisagem rural. Utilizou-se de bases secundárias oriundas de instituições do Governo Federal para representação cartográfica das MUH. Posteriormente, organizou-se um Banco de Dados Geográficos através do Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG) QGis 2.18. Com os resultados, evidencia-se que alguns MUH se encontram bem diferentes dos tempos passados, representando uma pluralidade de formas e estruturas de ocupações, principalmente quanto à reprodução do capital, viabilizado e difundido pela ação estatal/empresarial, em especial da paisagem monótona da monocultura do dendê, que tem um arranjo único que causa impacto sociocultural no conjunto geográfico estudado. Do ponto de vista bertrandiano, revela-se que a paisagem da MRGTA possui um conjunto de formas heterogêneas (naturais e artificiais) que possibilitam interpretações particulares de vários tempos, escritos uns sobre os outros, e com idades e heranças de diferentes momentos. Por fim, constata-se que a paisagem da MRGTA possui uma complexidade, e a metodologia aplicada possibilitou ler as marcas e matrizes na paisagem, deixadas no tempo e no espaço dessa microrregião do agronegócio Rural landscape of Tomé-Açu micro region under georges bertrand's perspective A B S T R A C TThe formation of the Tomé-Açu Micro region Landscape (MRGTA), Northern Brazil, goes hand in hand with the reorganization and spatial configuration of this territory, encompassing social intentionalities that introduce new temporalities and spatialities according to the logic of global markets. Roads, agricultural exploitation and urban sprawl are some of the significant disorders for the rural landscape units (UPs) in this micro region. The challenge of this research was to read and interpret the Mosaics of Homogeneous Units (MUH) through Georges Bertrand's tripolar hierarchical system GTP (Geosystem-Territory-Landscape), of upper and lower units, which highlights the complexity of the rural landscape. This research used secondary bases from Federal Government institutions for cartographic representation of the Mosaics of Homogeneous Units. Then, a Geographic Database was organized through the Geographic Information System (GIS) QGis 2.18. The results of the research indicate that some MUH are quite different from the past, representing a plurality of forms and structures of occupancies, especially regarding the reproduction of capital, made possible and disseminated by state and business actions, especially the monotonous landscape of palm oil monoculture, which has a unique conformation that causes sociocultural impact on the studied geographical object. From Bertrand's point of view, it is observed that the landscape of MRGTA has a set of heterogeneous forms (natural and artificial) that enable particular interpretations from different times, written about each other, and with ages and inheritances of different times. Finally, it is understood that the MRGTA landscape has a complexity, and the applied methodology made it possible to read the marks and matrices in the landscape, left in time and space of this agribusiness micro region.Keywords: bertrand, gtp (geosystem-territory-landscape), rural landscape
Background: There are several studies associating the construction of power plants to the increase in deforestation rates. However, there are no case studies analyzing deforestation near power plants, seeking to find a logic of how such deforestation occurs and attributing a statistical correlation with some factors that may mitigate or potentiate such deforestation. This study fills this gap on the scientific literature. Although it analyzes four cases, it is relevant given the lack of publications on this topic. Methods: In this study, a comparative analysis of deforestation was conducted in the vicinity of four hydroelectric plant projects in the Amazon forest, aiming particularly to identify measures related to the creation of areas of restricted use, protected areas, and indigenous lands, as a way to minimize the predatory occupation around reservoirs. Results: The results showed that there is a strong negative correlation between the extension of indigenous lands and protected areas and deforestation in the vicinity of the power plants analyzed, even when they are located in areas with a high level of human occupation. This study also revealed, by Pearson correlation analyses, that there are few pairs of variables whose correlations are weak or very weak. There are predominantly moderate, strong, and very strong correlations. Conclusions: Thus, it is suggested that new hydroelectric plant projects in the Amazon should prioritize the creation of areas of restricted use and discourage occupation through settlements and opening of roads, as these variables were determinant for the level of degradation to the environment around the construction works analyzed.
Um importante instrumento de gestão da Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos são os comitês de bacias hidrográficas. O primeiro comitê criado no Estado do Amapá foi o do rio Araguari, decorrente de diversas demandas da sociedade, denúncias de mal uso, e principalmente para viabilizar a operação de empreendimentos hidrelétricos, mineração, agropecuária, dentre outros. O objetivo desse artigo é mostrar a importância da efetiva instalação e funcionamento do comitê de bacia para a gestão dos recursos hídricos no estado do Amapá. A estratégia metodológica abrangeu o entendimento sobre gestão dos recursos hídricos no estado do Amapá, sendo um pré-requisito que permitiu entender o papel fundamental da bacia para elaboração das políticas para gestão de recursos hídricos. Com os resultados, conclui-se que em face às mudanças na configuração econômica do Amapá, como a mineração, agropecuária, silvicultura, cultura de soja e produção de energia, há um aumento no impacto associado ao uso da água no rio Araguari. Neste sentido, o comitê tem um papel relevante no âmbito da gestão compartilhada do recurso hídrico para reduzir o desequilíbrio ecológico, por meio da tomada de decisão para mitigar impactos e preveni-los, como objetivo de assegurar a disponibilidade dos recursos hídricos para as futuras gerações. Para o efetivo funcionamento do comitê, é necessário o apoio de órgãos municipais, estaduais e federais, visando à manutenção de seu estoque hídrico, preservação dos recursos e continuidade do desenvolvimento econômico de forma sustentável.Palavras-chave: Recurso Hídrico, gestão compartilhada, sustentável. Araguari River Hydrographic Basin Committee as an Instrument for the Management of Water Resources in the State of Amapá A B S T R A C T An important management tool for the National Water Resources Policy is the hydrographic basin committees. The first committee created in the State of Amapá was that of the Araguari River, due to various demands from society, complaints of misuse, and mainly to enable an operation of hydroelectric, mining, agricultural and livestock enterprises, among others. The purpose of this article is to show the importance of the installation and operation of the administration committee for the management of water resources in the state of Amapá. The methodological strategy encompasses the understanding of the management of water resources in the state of Amapá, being a prerequisite that needs the meaning of the fundamental role of the basin for the preparation of policies for the management of water resources. With the results, it is concluded that in the face of changes in the economic configuration of Amapá, such as mining, agriculture, forestry, soy culture and energy production, there is an increase in the impact associated with the use of water in the Araguari River. In this sense, the committee has a relevant role in the context of shared management of water resources to reduce ecological imbalances, through decision-making to mitigate and prevent impacts, in order to ensure the availability of water resources for future generations. For the effective and functioning of the committee, it is necessary the support of municipal, state and federal agencies, if not the maintenance of its water stock, preservation of resources and development of economic development in a sustainable way. Keywords: Water resource, shared, sustainable management.
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