Purpose The chicken droppings can have a negative impact on the environment and public health. In this work, we are interested in treating this waste by anaerobic digestion and we estimate the national potential of green energy produced by anaerobic digestion and map the areas that need digesters to improve national poultry farming. Methods The anaerobic digestion of this waste is performed in three steps. In the first step, the chicken droppings are placed in a laboratory digester without pretreatment. In the second step, the droppings are placed in an industrial digester without pretreatment. In the third step, a methanogenic inoculum is incubated with the chicken droppings in a batch digester. The biogas production is measured by manometer, and the composition of this biogas is analyzed by gas chromatography. Results The chicken droppings without pretreatment generated a small amount of biogas (11.24 and 20 m 3 for one ton of waste fresh) in the laboratory and in the prototype digester. After pretreatment (heating and grinding), this waste produced a large quantity of biogas, on the order 230,58 ml/gCOD, equivalent to 64.4 m 3 for one ton of fresh waste, with 60.2 % methane, 38.8 % carbon dioxide and 0 % hydrogen. This biogas production has a lower heating value of 385 kWh for one ton of chicken droppings. Based on these results, our country has high potential for green energy (200 GWh) by transforming the droppings of broilers by anaerobic digestion. Conclusion In Morocco, the installation of biogas digesters in poultry units is an effective technique for this industry, because this waste is a potential energy source.

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Background:The Gracilaria bursa-pastoris is an abundant alga that is responsible for the eutrophication in Nador lagoon in Morocco. Therefore, the lagoon is a deposit of bioresources whose economic value can be enhanced. Antioxidative properties of seaweed extracts have been studied in several geographic regions, but only a few studies have been performed on tropical seaweed species, and no research has been done to determine antioxidant activity and valorization of the indigenous algae in Nador lagoon in Morocco. Methods:The present study evaluated the antioxidant potential of methanolic and aqueous extracts from Gracilaria bursa-pastoris by measuring the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and total content of phenolic, flavonoids and flavonols content in each extract.Results: This study showed that this macroalgae contained a high total phenolic content (142.26 and 79.43 mg GAE g−1 extract) for ethanolic and aqueous extracts, respectively. All extracts exhibited a DPPH radical scavenging activity, and the methanolic extracts demonstrated a great antioxidant potential with very low value of EC50 (0.085 mg/mL), significantly equivalent to EC50 (0,028 mg/mL) of commercial antioxidant ascorbic acid. These results suggest that the macroalgae have a great antioxidant potential which could be considered for future applications in medicine, food production or cosmetic industry in Morocco. Conclusions:This work showed that the ethanolic extract was rich in phenolic compounds. This extract exhibited the highest antioxidant activity which may be explained by the presence of a large quantity of phenolic compounds. The Gracilaria bursa-pastoris can be utilized as a source of natural antioxidant compounds.

We compared the phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activities of three important species of Lamiaceae in Algeria (Mentha spicata, Ocimum basilicum and Thymus algeriensis). We noticed that the M. spicata species contains the largest fraction of phenolic and flavonoid products (231 and 22 mg / g) than the other two species studied. Other hand we founded that the two species M. spicata and T. algeriensis show excellent antioxidant activity in the ethanolic extract according to the two tests (DPPH and ABTS) compared to the ascorbic acid of reference. But the specie O. basilicum has good antioxidant activity in aqueous extraction. This Lamiaceae family takes an important place in the lives of Algerians citizens, so this species are very good source of natural antioxidant compounds in algerian traditional medicine. Keywords: Antioxidant activity, Lamiaceae, Mentha spicata, Ocimum basilicum and Thymus algeriensis, DPPH.