la longue saison sèche rend difficile l'alimentation des animaux : les pâturages, base de la ration alimentaire sont trop pauvres pour couvrir les besoins de production qualitatifs et quantitatifs des animaux. Cette étude porte sur l'incorporation de différentes doses d'acide malique dans la ration alimentaire des chevreaux roux de Maradi afin d'évaluer son effet sur l'ingestion des rations, l'indice de consommation, la croissance et le rendement carcasse. Quarante (40) chevreaux d'âge compris entre 7 à 8 mois et d'un poids vif moyen de 10,77 ± 0,19 kg ont été répartis au hasard en quatre (4) lots de 10 têtes chacun. Les rations distribuées sont composées de fane de niébé, de son de blé et de l'acide malique. La ration du lot témoin (T0) ne contenait pas d'acide malique. Les rations des lots T1, T2 et T3 comportent respectivement 3, 6 et 9 g d'acides malique par kg de concentré. A l'issue de l'expérimentation qui a duré 240 jours, les animaux soumis au traitement T3 ont obtenu le meilleur gain moyen quotidien (GMQ) soit 117,42 ± 31,04 g/jr suivi des animaux du lot T2 (109,57± 26,98 g/jr), puis les animaux du lot témoin T0 (102,85± 25,01g/jr) et ceux du lot T1 (86,21± 19,47g/jr). Les analyses n'ont montré aucune différence significative au seuil de 5% entre les lots supplémentés et le témoin pour les paramètres comme la consommation alimentaire (P = 0,951), le poids corporel (P = 1,000) et le poids des carcasses (P=0,68). L'indice de consommation de fane et son de blé le plus élevé a été obtenu avec le lot témoin respectivement 9,12 et 6,06. L'acide malique peut être incorporé à une dose allant jusqu'à 9 g/kg de ration et permettre ainsi l'assimilation des aliments et l'obtention d'une bonne performance de croissance.

This study on the feeding behavior of sheep carried out at the animal park of the Faculty of Agronomy of the Abdou Moumouni University of Niamey made it possible to evaluate the preference of six spontaneous forage herbaceous plants in sheep. These are two legumes Alysicarpus ovalifolius and Zornia glochidiata and four grasses including Cenchrus biflorus, Panicum laetum, Pennisetum pedicellatum and Schizachyrium exile. These herbaceous plants were harvested at the stage of maturity in the natural pastures of Boboye (an agricultural area in western Niger). The animal material consists of 10 Fulani Bali-Bali rams aged 12 to 15 months. The study was conducted using the so-called “cafeteria” method. The mean voluntary ingestion was 566.67±147.49 g-1.d-1.animal-1 and varied depending on the herb and the periods. The highest preference index was that of Alysicarpus ovalifolius and the lowest that of Pennisetum pedicellatum. At the end of this study, three spontaneous forage herbaceous plants Alysicarpus ovalifolius, Zornia glochidiata and Schizachyrium exile were classified as the most palatable species and should be retained as coarse feed in sheep fattening rations and in seeding and stock restoration programs degraded natural pastures.

Crop production and livestock are main economic activities of most populations in Maradi region. The objective of this work is to study agricultural production and livestock feeding in terms of farming practices of crops livestock integration in 4 villages of Aguié. The results of surveys randomly conducted on a sample of 78 farmers showed that farmers were categorized into two groups, which are farmers (67%) and agro-pastoralists (33%). However, the multivariate analysis of data highlighted existence of three categories of agro-pastoralist farmers, distinct in terms of their means of existence and levels of integration. It was counted 21% of population who have plows and seeders, while 51% have carts. According to distribution of oxen in farms, a proportion of 51% were small farms have no draft oxen, while 45% of farms have a draft oxen, 3 % of farms have a pair of oxen and 1 % of farms has five (5) draft oxen. Cereal production in Kg is 862 ± 419 for Small Farms (SF); 1008 ± 132.7 for Medium Farms (MF) and 5748 ± 4068 for Big Farms (BF). As for production (Kg) of legumes; SF produce on average 293 ±139.3, MF 452 ± 123.7 and the BF 991 ± 208.5. With regard to sales and self-consumption of cereals and legumes, BF carry out these practices in large quantities. In MF, for a millet production of 4,155.99 ± 613.49 kg, the millet stovers are 2,068.85 ± 305.39 kg. Cowpea production in BF is 359.08 ±135.25 kg for 65.64 ± 24.72 kg of cowpea haulms. The sorghum stovers for BF, MF and SF is respectively 566.2; 276.8 and 125.2 kg with land capital in Ha of 8.1 (BF), 3 (MF) and 1.8 (SF). Despite fodder available which is 2,227.5 kg for 0.58 TLU in the SF; 2,441.1 kg for 1.63 TLU at the MF level and 4,414.5 kg for 3.03 TLU, fodder balance is in deficit in all farms according to fodder requirement (Kg/270 days).

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