Hunger is defined as “the inability to reach the sufficient amount of food necessary for people to survive”, and the need for food is increasing day by day. Food that forms the basis of human nutrition, and agriculture, from the past to the present, threaten food security and agricultural practices with many problems such as excessive population growth released as a result of activities in today and negatively changing climate, environmental conditions and other compelling factors. The continuation of the current situation makes us think that the emerging/starting to emerge threat will increase and cause much bigger problems in the future. Considering today's developments, it is an undeniable fact that biotechnological methods, especially molecular techniques, provide advantages in increasing agricultural production. From this point of view, agricultural and plant biotechnology are a multidisciplinary field that can accelerate the developments in agriculture in line with the developments in the world and solve the problems in a short time by growing different perspectives by making use of different disciplinary areas. The aim of current biotechnological developments in this framework is to increase the yield of product by removing the restrictions of products (abiotic - biotic stress, diseases, economic factors, etc.). Also, an interdisciplinary process operates in this field, where the notion of sustainability gains importance. Sustainable agriculture is based on agricultural production practices and the efficient use of natural resources for the foodstuffs produced. In agricultural terms, it is of great importance that this notion is compatible with plant biotechnology. For this purpose, it is known that various technologies, starting from classical biotechnology under the name of biotechnology to modern biotechnological methods and increasing in complexity as time passes, are used in agriculture in different ways depending on the development status of countries in science and technology. In addition to all these, although biotechnological approaches have enormous potential to contribute to the world's food security, they have also brought several concerns that genetically modified crops pose a threat. Within the scope of this review, approaches have been made about biotechnology for plants, historical perspective from old to new, modern techniques of biotechnology, gene technologies, new food production technologies and food safety

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This study was undertaken to define current data on chickpea Fusarium wilt severity, its relation with epidemiological parameters and virulence levels of isolates in Turkey. The disease was detected in 7 regions and 37 provinces of Turkey indicating that Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris is an emerging pathogen of chickpea. Yellowing and wilting types were detected in surveyed areas wherein yellowing was observed in 31 of 37 provinces. Epidemiological parameters were effective on wilting and yellowing syndrome development wherein negative correlations were observed among disease severity, relative humidity (%) (r = -0.25; P less than 0.01) and the number of rainy days (r = -0.23; P less than 0.01) for yellowing, however there was no statistically significant relationship for wilting phenotype (P greater than 0.05).

Akdeniz ikliminde Fusarium solgunluğu (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, Fol) ve Fusarium kök ve kök boğazı çürüklüğü (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici, Forl) hastalıklarına neden olan fungal etmenler survey çalışmaları ile belirlenmiştir. İzolasyonlar sonucu elde edilen her iki etmene ait izolatların tür/ırk spesifik primerlerle (FOF1-FOR1, sp13, sp23 ve sprl) tanısı yapılmış ve virülenslik grupları oluşturulmuştur. Antalya ilinden izole edilen 42 adet Fol izolatının 20’si ırk 1 (R1), 7’si ırk 2 (R2) ve 15’i ırk 3 (R3) olarak saptanmıştır. Mersin ilinden izole edilen 3 adet Fol izolatı ırk 3 (R3) olarak belirlenmiştir. PCR çalışmalarında sprl primer seti, 58 adet Forl izolatı için 947-bp büyüklüğünde tek amplikon vermiştir. Domates bitkisinden izole edilen toplam 119 adet F. oxysporum izolatının 45’i Fol ve 58’i Forl olarak saptanmıştır. Virülenslikleri açısından, Fol izolatlarının %11’i yüksek virülent (YV), %58’i orta virülent (OV) ve %31’i düşük virülent (DV), Forl izolatlarının ise %28’i yüksek virülent (YV) ve %72’si orta virülent (OV) olarak saptanmıştır.