No abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the myotoxic effects of bupivacaine, ropivacaine, and levobupivacaine which were applied intramuscularly to rat skeletal muscle. Forty Wistar-Albino rats were divided into four groups. In the study, .5% bupivacaine (Group B), .5% ropivacaine (Group R), .5% levobupivacaine (Group L), or .9% normal saline (Group SF) was applied intramuscularly to the right gastrocnemius muscle of rats. The rats in each group were sacrificed on the second day after injection. Sections of muscle samples were stained with hematoxylin-eosin for light microscopic investigation and prepared for the evaluation of ultrastructural changes in the subcellular level with transmission electron microscopy. All three local anesthetic agents caused qualitatively similar skeletal muscle damage. The most observed muscle damage was in Group B, muscle damage of Group R was less than that of Group B, and the least damage was seen in Group L quantitatively. Electron microscopic examination of each group that caused cellular damage was qualitatively similar. The most subcellular damage was observed in the group receiving bupivacaine, less was seen in the ropivacaine group, and the least was observed in the levobupivacaine group. The results indicated that bupivacaine caused more myotoxic damage than the other two agents in the skeletal muscle of rats and that levobupivacaine caused less myotoxic damage than both bupivacaine and ropivacaine at the cell and tissue levels.

AIM: To evaluate the effects of lacosamide on traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats. MATERIAL and METHODS: A total of 28 male Wistar albino rats, each weighing 300-350 g, were included. They were randomly assigned to four groups. In Group 1, only a laminectomy was performed; in Group 2, SCI was performed after laminectomy; in Group 3, SCI was performed after laminectomy followed by lacosamide administration, and in Group 4, SCI was performed after laminectomy followed by physiological saline administration. After 48 hours, all animals were sacrificed, blood samples were drawn, and their spinal cords were removed. The serum levels of catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured, and the spinal cord specimens were examined for neuronal degeneration (PND). RESULTS: The MDA level was the lowest and the antioxidant enzyme levels were the highest in Group 3. There were statistically significant differences between Group 3 and the others in their PND score, serum MDA, SOD, GPX and catalase levels (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Lacosamide has a neuroprotective effect in SCI in rats that is related to its ability to decrease the production of reactive oxygen species by increasing antioxidant enzyme expression, inhibit lipid peroxidation and attenuate glial cell activation.

No abstract

Background/aim: In this study, we aimed to compare the effects of propofol-ketamine and propofol-fentanyl sedations on post-procedure nausea-vomiting in children undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Materials and methods:This study included 100 pediatric patients (2-10 years old) who had propofol-ketamine and propofol-fentanyl for sedation to undergo MRI. The patients were divided into two groups, and sedation was performed through propofolketamine (Group K; n=50) or propofol-fentanyl (Group F; n=50). For sedation induction, intravenous (IV) bolus of 1.2 mg/kg propofol and 1 mg/kg ketamine were administered in Group K, IV bolus of 1.2 mg/kg propofol and 1 µg/kg fentanyl in Group F. All patients received 0.5 mg/kg IV bolus propofol in additional doses when the Ramsey Sedation Score (RSS) was below 4 for maintenance. Perioperative heart rate, systolic arterial pressure, peripheral oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, and nauseavomiting scores were recorded for each patient.Results: There was no difference between the groups in terms of nausea incidences at the 1 st hour. However, the rate of vomiting was significantly higher in Group K. Conclusion:In our study, we showed that the vomiting rate was higher in the 1 st hour in Group K compared to Group F.