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The epigeaI part of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. (Russian olive) collected in the flowering period in the environs of Zaporozhe has been investigated in order to determine its content of phenolic compounds. The leaves were extracted with ethanol, and the aqueous residue was purified with chloroform, acidified with 15% sulfuric acid to pH 2-3, and extracted with ethyl acetate. By preparative paper chromatography, the ethyl acetate extracts yielded substances I, II, and III, giving positive qualitative reactions for phenolcarboxylic acids, their Rf values being, respectively, 0.28, 0.52, and 0.65 {0.1 N HC1 system).

Recently, gypsophilas have been attracting increasing attention from workers as promising plants for the production of saponins [1][2][3][4]. However, the other classes of natural compounds that they contain have been studied comparatively little.In the present paper we give the results of the isolation and identification of the flavonoids of Gypsophila paniculata. In an analysis of various organs, it was found that the roots, where the bulk of the saponins is concentrated, contain a comparatively small amount of flavonoids. However, in the epigeal part, particularly in the leaves and flowers, more than seven components of a flavonoid nature have been found. By extracting the total flavonoids from the herb at 70 ° C with methanol and separating them on a column of polyamide sorbent, we obtained seven individual compounds. Of these, six were identified on the basis of their physieoehemieal properties and by comparison with authentic samples as vitexin, saponaretin, orientin, homoorientin, isosaponarin, and adonivernitol.A substance with the composition C26HaO1~ and mp 200 ° C (deeomp), on mild hydrolysis and enzymatic cleavage gave vitexin and D-xylose. By a spectroscopic investigation in the UV region [5], free hydroxy groups were found in the 5, 7, and 4' positions. Consequently, the D-xylose must be attached to the C-glycosyl substituent of vitexin. This substance is a new gIyeoside of vitexin and we have called it kachimoside. ["Kachim" is Russian for gypsophila. ]

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The ethereal solution was separated into acidic, phenolic, and lactone fractions. The acidic fraction was chromatographe d on KSKsilica gel. On elntion with ether, acicular crystals with mp 201-202 ° C deposited which, on the basis of their IR spectrum, P,f value, and a mixed melting point were identified as the coumarin scopoletin. Then the unsaponifiable neutral fraction was chromatographed on alumina. From a methanolic eluate we isolated a substance with the composition C~sHs00, mp 139-140 ° C (from acetone), which gave the Liebermann-Burehard reaction for sterols. By comparing the IR spectra and ROt values and by means of a mixed melting point test the substance was identified as g-sitosterol. Seopoletin and 13-sitosterol have not previously been found in Artemisia dracunculus.