Abstract

The goal of this paper is to provide the reader with a brief overview of the basic building blocks within a high-speed serial transceiver, to provide an outline of the major interconnect standards utilizing the highspeed serial U0 circuitiy and to give the basics behind the design techniques required to successfulb design and implement a flpical niulti-GHz serial U0 device.Several major design obstacles will be presented followed by a discussioii of the potential design techniques that may be used to avercome such implementafiori issues. The paper will cover hvo main de.sign approaches: low swing differential signaling and multilevel signaling.

No abstract

High-performance CMOS products depend upon the reliability of ultrathin gate dielectrics. In this paper a methodology for measuring thin gate dielectric reliability is discussed in which the focus is upon the elements of those test structures used in the evaluation, the design of the reliability stress matrix, and the generation of engineering design models. Experimental results are presented which demonstrate the reliability of ultrathin gate dielectrics measured on a wide variety of test structures with dielectric thicknesses ranging from 7 to 3.5 nm. An overview is provided for thin gate oxide reliability that was measured on integrated functional chips-high-performance microprocessors and static random-access memory (SRAM) chips. The data from these measurements spanned the period from early process and device development to full production. Manufacturing in-line monitoring for thin gate dielectric yield and reliability is also discussed, with several case histories presented which show the effectiveness of monitors in detecting process-induced dielectric failures. Finally, causes of oxide fails are discussed, leading to the process actions necessary for controlling thin gate dielectric defects.

Digital Microwave Radio communications is not a new commercial theatre but is an area that is fostering several novel implementations of older ideas. The DragonWave application for |Digital Microwave Radio is for use in the backhaul of high speed data and digitized voice communications. This implementation is available as a point-to-point radio link on various GigaHertz carrier frequencies operating at data rates upto 500 Mbps. Faced with demand from customers requiring doubling of data rates while not increasing the channel bandwidth, the use of orthogonally polarized channels has been incorporated. Such cross-polarized co-channel operation is not without its issues, one of which is environment induced cross-polarization interference (XPI). To reduce the effects of XPI on a DragonWave point-to-point radio link, an crosspolar interference cancellation (XPIC) system has been conceived and implemented The implementation of DragonWave's XPIC feature meets or exceeds performance levels specified in ETSI EN 302-217-2-1 [1] standard as a result of to some unique interference-synchronization features (patent pending).