Programme Hospitalier Recherche Clinique, Institut Pasteur, Inserm, French Public Health Agency.

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Here we report a case of co-infection with Orientia tsutsugamushi, the causative agent of scrub typhus, and Arsenophonus nasoniae in a woman with a rash and an eschar who returned from a trip to Southeast Asia. A. nasoniae was previously considered to be a secondary insect and tick endosymbiont of unknown pathogenicity in humans. We amplified both O. tsutsugamushi and A. nasoniae DNA from a skin eschar with qPCR, and a seroconversion for O. tsutsugamushi and A. nasoniae was observed with immunofluorescence assays and western blotting for this patient. And we used 2-D western blotting with an A. nasoniae antigen and polyclonal mouse anti-A. nasoniae antibodies produced in our laboratory to detect the specific antigenic A. nasoniae proteins.

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