A green phototrophic bacterium (strain JA737 T ), which was oval-to rod-shaped, Gram-negative and motile, was isolated from mud of a stream in the Western Ghats of India. Strain JA737 T contained bacteriochlorophyll a, and the major carotenoid was neurosporene. The major quinone was Q-10 and the polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, an unidentified aminolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and five unidentified lipids. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the strain clustered with members of the genus Rhodobacter belonging to the family Rhodobacteraceae of the class Alphaproteobacteria. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JA737 T had highest sequence similarity with Rhodobacter capsulatus ATCC 11166 T (98.8 %), Rhodobacter maris JA276 T (97 %), Rhodobacter aestuarii JA296 T (96.7 %) and other members of the genus Rhodobacter (,96 %). However, strain JA737 T showed 22-55 % DNA-DNA relatedness with the above type strains. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular genetic evidence, strain JA737 T represents a novel species of the genus Rhodobacter, for which the name Rhodobacter viridis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JA737 T (5KCTC 15167 T 5MTCC 11105 T 5NBRC 108864 T ).

Descriptions ofT , JA447 and JA490) of red to reddish brown pigmented, rod-shaped, motile and budding phototrophic bacteria were isolated from soil and freshwater sediment samples from different geographical regions of India. All strains contained bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids of the spirilloxanthin series. The major cellular fatty acid of strains JA310 T and JA531 T was C 18 : 1 v7c, the quinone was Q-10 and polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, an aminohopanoid and an unidentified aminolipid. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that all strains clustered with species of the genus Rhodopseudomonas in the class Alphaproteobacteria. Strains JA531 T , JA447 and JA490 were genotypically (.80 % related based on DNA-DNA hybridization) and phenotypically closely related to each other and the three strains were distinct from strain JA310 T (33 % related). Furthermore, all four strains had less than 48 % relatedness (DNA-DNA hybridization) with type strains of members of the genus Rhodopseudomonas, i.e. Rhodopseudomonas palustris ATCC 17001 T

Two strains (JA643 T and JA755) of Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic phototrophic, bacteria capable of growth at low temperatures (10-15 6C) were isolated from freshwater streams from different geographical regions of India. Both strains contain bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids of the spirilloxanthin series. Phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid (PL), unidentified amino lipids (AL1-AL6, AL9) and an unidentified lipid (L1) were the polar lipids present in both strains. The major cellular fatty acid was C 18 : 1 v7c (76-79 % of the total). Bacteriohopane derivatives (BHD1,2), unidentified hopanoids (UH1-5), diplopterol (DPL) and diploptene (DPE) were the major hopanoids of both strains. The DNA G+C content was 64.2-64.5 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence-based phylogenetic analysis showed that both strains are closely related to the genus Rhodomicrobium and clustered with Rhodomicrobium vannielii DSM 162 T (99 % sequence similarity). However, both strains exhibited only 46.1 % DNA-DNA hybridization with R. vannielii DSM 162 T . Strains JA643 T and JA755 shared .99 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and were .85 % related on the basis of DNA-DNA hybridization; they are therefore considered to represent a novel species in the genus Rhodomicrobium, for which the name Rhodomicrobium udaipurense sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JA643 T (5KCTC 15219 T 5NBRC 109057 T ).The family Hyphomicrobiaceae in the class Alphaproteobacteria contains three phototrophic genera: Blastochloris, Rhodomicrobium and Rhodoplanes. The genus Rhodomicrobium can be distinguished from Blastochloris and Rhodoplanes mainly on the basis of cell morphology, including long prosthecae and a characteristic vegetative growth cycle. Rhodomicrobium vannielii (Duchow & Douglas, 1949) is the single recognized species of the genus Rhodomicrobium; in the present communication, we propose a novel species based on two strains (JA643 T and JA755) isolated from different geographical locations in India.Strain JA643 T was isolated from a freshwater stream sample collected from Udaipur in Himachal Pradesh [GPS of the sampling site is 32 u 439 30.550 N 76 u 399 55.450 E; altitude of 8970 feet (2734 m) above sea level], in the western Himalayas, India. Strain JA755 was isolated from a freshwater stream sample collected from Rottikadai town near the Annamalai hills [10u 359 N 76 u 979 E; altitude of 3500 feet (1067 m) above sea level] in the Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India. Both strains were isolated after enrichment in PE medium (Hanada et al., 1995) at pH 7.0, in fully filled 50 ml screw-capped bottles incubated under phototrophic (2500 lx) conditions at 30±2 u C for 15 days. Purification of the isolates and the media used for growth of the organisms are as previously described (Lakshmi et al., 2011a, b).Genomic DNA was extracted and purified according to the method of Marmur (1961) and the DNA G+C content of strains JA643 T and JA755 was 62.4 and 62.8 mol% as de...

A rod-shaped, non-motile, Gram-stain-positive, catalase-positive, starch-hydrolysing strain, JC16T, was isolated from a semi-arid tropical soil from India. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain JC16T clustered with the type species of the genus Chryseomicrobium, Chryseomicrobium imtechense MW 10T, a member of the family Planococcaceae within the phylum Firmicutes with 99.3 % sequence similarity. Major (>10 %) fatty acids of strain JC16T were iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. Minor (<10 and >1 %) amounts of C16 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C17 : 1ω10c and C16 : 1ω11c are present in strain JC16T. Polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phospholipids (PL2–4), aminolipids (AL1, 2) and an unknown lipid. Cell wall peptidoglycan was of the type l-Orn–d-Glu. The quinone system was composed of MK-7, MK-8 and MK-6. Genomic DNA G+C content of strain JC16T was 57.6 mol%. Distinct physiological, chemotaxonomic and genotypic differences (37 % reassociation based on DNA–DNA hybridization) from Chryseomicrobium imtechense MW 10T support the classification of strain JC16T as a representative of a novel species in the genus Chryseomicobium, for which the name Chryseomicrobium amylolyticum sp. nov. (type strain JC16T = DSM 23442T = NBRC 105215T) is proposed.

Two strains (JA492 T and JA590) of spiral-shaped, anaerobic, Gram-stain-negative, motile, purple non-sulfur bacteria were isolated from aquatic sediments from a bird sanctuary and a stream, respectively, and were characterized by a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids (rhodopin, lycopene, hydroxylycopene glucoside and dihydroxylycopene diglucoside) were present as photosynthetic pigments. Intracellular photosynthetic membranes were of the stacked type. The major fatty acids were C 18 : 1 v7c,