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: To study the relationship of diabetic retinopathy with systemic complications of diabetes.: Study was conducted on 310 diabetic patients attending to Narayana medical college ophthalmology opd in Nellore between August 2017and June 2018. Patients are categorized into five groups based on the duration and severity of DR into No DR, Mild NPDR, ModerateNPDR, Severe NPDR, PDR according to the ETDRS classification. All the above patients evaluated clinically, and required investigations were done for the presence of systemic complications like nephropathy, neuropathy, cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and diabetic foot. The relation between the duration of diabetes mellitus and stage of diabetic retinopathy and also with systemic complications assessed. A total of 310 diabetic patients with a mean age of 56.5 + 11.8 years and males 211(31.7%) and females99(31.7%). Prevalence of Diabetic retinopathy was 108(34.8%) of which mild NPDR44(41.9%), moderate NPDR35(34.5%), severe NPDR 19(18.3%)and PDR10(11.4%). A significant association (P<0.001) was observed between the duration of diabetes and the presence and severity of diabetic retinopathy. The overall prevalence of nephropathy, neuropathy, diabetic foot, CVS, CAD was 52.6%and they were significantly (p<0.05) more common in patients with DR (64.8%) as compared to those with no DR (43.5%) and complications increased with severity of retinopathy.

To study the anthropometric ratios in parents (heterozygotes) of children with Fanconi anemia. The study was carried out in the Department of Hematology, Institute of Child Health & Hospital for Children, Chennai. Parents of children with Fanconi anemia were the subjects of the study. Applying standard instruments and methods, various body measurements were recorded. 31 fathers and 37 mothers were included in the study. A hundred male and female controls of the same ethnic group were also studied for the same parameters. The ratios were calculated and statistically analyzed. It was observed that fathers (male heterozygotes) had shorter forearms, the ratio of upper arm: forearm was significantly increased compared to male controls. In mothers (female heterozygotes) the inter-pupillary distance was increased, the ratio of head circumference to inter-pupillary distance was decreased compared to female controls.

Normal parenting stress appears in many parents due to everyday encounters that are difficult leading to stressful events in their parenting. Many studies have shown increased parenting stress among parents of children with special needs/disabilities. This study aims in comparing parenting stress among mothers of normal children and fathers of special need children. Objective: i) To compare stress of parenting among fathers of children with special needs and mothers of normal children. Materials and Methods: Sheldon Cohen Perceived Stress Scale questionnaire was used to assess parenting stress on father of 120 children with special needs(study group) and mothers of 120 normal (control group) children aged between 6 and 12 years. Statistical analysis was done using unpaired t-test.Results: The study group scored higher as compared to the control group with their means and standard deviations being (18.60 + 4.77) and (15.78 + 5.06) respectively. The statistical value of significance (p value) is 0.03. Conclusion:The fathers of children with special needs had significantly higher parenting stress levels as compared to the mothers of normal children.

Changes of light intensity can shift many physiological parameters like heart rate variability (HRV). This study is to assess the effect of visual stimuli on cardiac autonomic activity using Heart Rate Variability in middle aged males. Objectives: To determine the effect of visual stimuli on Heart Rate Variability in middle aged males. Materials and Methods: The effects of visual stimuli on cardiac autonomic activity using Heart Rate Variability (HRV) was studied in 50 healthy middle aged males. Beat to beat R-R intervals were continuously recorded under closed eye condition (CEC) and the open eye condition (OEC). HRV frequency domain parameters like LF nu, HF nu, LF/HF were obtained with the help of RMS polyrite -D version 3.0.11 Results: The values of LF nu, HF nu and LF/HF for all the subjects under both the closed -eye condition (CEC) and open-eye condition (OEC) were obtained. Values of LF nu and LF/HF under CEC appear to be smaller than those OEC. The mean value of HF nu for under CEC was significantly greater (< 0.05 level) when compared to OEC. Conclusion: The parasympathetic component of the cardiac autonomic activity increased during the closed eye condition when compared to the open eye condition.