During the past decade, 3 major developments in psychotherapy have been converging: the establishment of evidence-based practices in psychology (EBPP); enormous growth in cognitive-behavior therapy and research (CBT); and increasing recognition of the impact of multicultural influences, as highlighted in the field of multicultural therapy (MCT). Cognitive-behavioral research has produced many empirically supported treatments used in the establishment of the scientific research base of EBPP, and MCT research has provided a wealth of qualitative information that balances this scientific emphasis with recognition of the importance of culturally competent clinical judgment, expertise, and experience. This article describes the advantages and potential limitations involved in the integration of CBT and multicultural considerations, with limitations reframed as opportunities to improve the relevance and effectiveness of psychotherapy. Ten suggestions are provided for integrating multicultural considerations into the clinical practice of cognitive-behavior therapy.
The purpose of this article is to describe a model for organizing and systematically considering 9 complex and overlapping cultural influences that counselors need to be addressing in their work: Age and generational influences, Disability, Religion, Ethnicity, Social status, Sexual orientation, Indigenous heritage, National origin, and Gender (which together form the slightly misspelled acronym ADRESSING). The ADRESSING model is particularly useful in helping counselors and educators to (a) examine their own biases and areas of inexperience regarding minority cultures and (b) consider the salience of multiple cultural influences and identities with their clients.
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