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The recent epidemic outbreak of a novel human coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2 and causing the respiratory tract disease COVID-19 has reached worldwide resonance and a global effort is being undertaken to characterize the molecular features and evolutionary origins of this virus. Therefore, rapid and accurate identification of pathogenic viruses plays a vital role in selecting appropriate treatments, saving people's lives and preventing epidemics. Additionally, general treatments, coronavirus-specific treatments, and antiviral treatments useful in fighting COVID-19 are addressed. This review sets out to shed light on the SARS-CoV-2 and host receptor recognition, a crucial factor for successful virus infection and taking immune-informatics approaches to identify Band T-cell epitopes for surface glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2. A variety of improved or new approaches also have been developed. It is anticipated that this will assist researchers and clinicians in developing better techniques for timely and effective detection of coronavirus infection. Moreover, the genomic sequence of the virus responsible for COVID-19, as well as the experimentally determined three-dimensional structure of the Main protease (Mpro) is available. The reported structure of the target Mpro was described in this review to identify potential drugs for COVID-19 using virtual high throughput screening. 1. Introduction Coronavirus is a type of single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) virus [1] Before the emergence of Sars-CoV-2, there are 6 known human coronaviruses, including the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). The symptoms caused by Sars-CoV-2 infection include acute respiratory distress syndrome (~29%), acute cardiac injury (~12%) or acute kidney injury (~7%) [2], implying that Sars-CoV-2 may infect various human tissues. COVID-19 is a highly infectious disease [3,4] associated with high mortality [5]. SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, is a betacoronavirus [6]. The previous name for this virus was Sars-CoV-2. The genome of SARS-CoV-2 has been sequenced [7,8]. The genomic sequence of SARS-CoV-2 has 96% similarity to the bat-coronavirus and 76.5% identity to the SARS-CoV [9]. Although there are no approved drugs or vaccines for COVID-19, some clinical

Novel Covid-19 (Sars-CoV-2) is a leading acute respiratory tract infection in humans and respiratory disease COVID-19 has gained global resonance, and attempts are being made to classify the molecular characteristics and evolutionary background of this virus. SARS-CoV-2 infects host cells via a variable molecular mechanism. Thus, the rapid and reliable diagnosis of pathogenic viruses plays a crucial role in finding the right treatments, saving lives, and stopping epidemics. that binds to host receptors and fuses viral and cell membranes. This review summarizes the information currently available about the seven HCoVs, with a focus on comparing and contrasting the various HCoVs from a virus evolution and genome recombination perspective. The cause for the angiotensin 2 receptor being an enzyme-converting site is also emphasized. This study sets out to shed light on the SARS-CoV-2 and the main entrance pathways into target cells. This is expected to help researchers and clinicians develop new methods to diagnose coronavirus infection in a timely and efficient manner.

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