The enzymatic production of biodiesel by methanolysis of canola oil was studied using self-made biocatalysts. Mesoporous SBA-15 nanoparticles were prepared, characterized and functionalized by 3-glycidyloxypropyl trimethoxysilane. Lipases from Candida antarctica (CALB), Thermomyces lanuginosus (TLL) and Rhizomucor miehei (RML) were covalently immobilized onto SBA-epoxy. Thermal stability and the influence of methanol concentration on the catalytic activity were also evaluated.higher thermal stability and methanol tolerance for immobilized derivatives were achieved compared to the free enzyme. In an optimization study, the effect of water, tbutanol and blue silica gel as water adsorbent on the yield of FAME was considered.For the SBA-RML catalysed reaction, water had little effect in increasing FAME yield, but when 20 wt% water by substrate weight was added to the SBA-TLL catalysed reaction, the methyl ester content reached nearly complete conversion (98% FAME). t-Butanol had a great effect on yield, with almost complete conversion for SBA-RML and SBA-TLL. The effect of blue silica gel also was investigated. The immobilized TLL was quite stable and can be reused for 20 cycles without significant loss in activity (6%). RML and CALB also presented a good reusability, keeping 95% of their initial activities after 7 and 15 cycles of the reaction.

Background Zygomatic implants are a treatment option for severely atrophic maxilla. Main text This study aimed to summarize and evaluate systematic reviews assessing the clinical outcomes of zygomatic implants including survival/failure rate and complications. PubMed-MEDLINE, Google Scholar, LILACS, and the Cochrane Database were searched up to April 2020. Risk of bias assessment was conducted by the AMSTAR tool. Initial searches yielded 175 studies. These were assessed, and following title abstract and full-text evaluation, 7 studies (2 meta-analyses) were included in the final review. According to the AMSTAR tool, 1 was deemed high quality, 4 were classified as medium, and 2 as low quality. The mean AMSTAR score (±SD) was 5.28 of 9 (±2.36) ranging from 2/9 to 9/9. The reported survival rates ranged from 95.2 to 100% except for resected maxillas, which established higher failure rates up to 21.43%. Concerning the complications with the zygomatic implants, various surgical and prosthetic complications were reported with sinusitis being the most frequently observed complication. Zygomatic implants appears to offer a promising alternative to formal bone grafting techniques with lower costs, less complications, less morbidity, shorter treatment times, and comparably high survival rates. Conclusion Complications were rare and usually easy to manage. However, the treatment should be directed by appropriately trained clinicians with noticeable surgical experience.

Background The rapidly developed vaccines against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 carry a risk of provoking side effects. This study aimed to evaluate current vaccination non-serious/serious side effects. Methods A multicenter electronic questionnaire via an online platform was conducted over a 1-week period among vaccinated dental staff and dental students inquiring whether they experienced vaccine-related side-effects after vaccine administration. Results A total of 1205 respondents with a mean age of 39 (SD: 12) were retained for the analyses. The following vaccines were reported; Gam-COVID-Vac (Sputnik V), ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AstraZeneca), BBV152 (Covaxin), or BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm). The majority of respondents received ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (51.1%) and Gam-COVID-Vac (37.6%). The symptoms most frequently reported after vaccination were fatigue (79%), local pain in the injection site (77.4%), malaise (73%), and body pain (71.1%). Enrollees reported more onset of reactions on 0–12 h (44.1%) and 12–24 h (29.0%) after vaccine administration (p value <0.001). In 75.7%, the side effects last for up to 3 days. Merely 5.5% of cases reported the presence of side effects after the first week. Individuals with a history of SARSCoV-2 and other infections (MERS, influenza, and EBV) were more likely to report a number of unserious systemic side effects. Conclusion The commonly reported adverse events were in line with similar studies. We have concerns with the frequency of serious adverse effects. This work necessitates the need for further clinical assessments with larger sample sizes.

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