Background:UV radiation induced ROS cause DNA damage mainly due to photoaging. Lipid peroxidation due to UV exposure also produces non-toxic metabolite compounds namely malonyldialdehyde (MDA). Upregulation of TNF-α is key to the initial response to ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure by keratinocytes. The basal cell layer is the most affected undergoes to apoptosis and can be detected through caspase 3 which is the main executor of apoptosis. Mangosteen peel (Garcinia mangostana Linn.)contains xanthon known as alpha mangosteen, the most attention today is as an antioxidant. The purpose of this study is to determine the antioxidant effects of ethyl acetate extract in mangosteen peel cream on MDA levels, anti-inflammatory effects on TNF-α levels and anti-apoptosis effects on caspase 3 levels, testedin guinea pig skin exposed to UVB rays. Methods :This study uses a post test only control group design using female guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) who obtained, cared, and treated at the Wates Veterinary Center, Yogyakarta. Consisting of 20 animals divided randomly into 4 treatment groups.P1: normal group, without any treatment. P2: exposed to UVB light. P3: exposed to UVB light and given base cream. P4: exposed to UVB light and given 12% extract mangosteen peel cream. MDA were analyzed by the TBARS method (nmol/ml). Levels of TNF-α epidermis were obtained by the TNF alpha Elisa antibodies Kit (pg/ml). Levels of caspase 3 epidermis were obtained by the caspase antibody 3 Elisa Kit (pmol / L). Results:Post Hoc statistical analysis showed that MDA serum levels of P4 group was significantly lower compared to P2 group(p<0.01), TNF-αepidermis levels of P4 groupwas significant lower compared to P2 group(p<0,001) and caspase 3 epidermis levels of P4 groupwas significant lower compared to P2 group (p<0.01). Conclusion:Administration of 12% dose ethyl acetate extract of mangosteen peel cream is proven to significantly lower MDA levels, TNF-α levels and Caspase-3 levels in the epidermal tissues of guinea pig skin exposed to ultraviolet B light. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21 No. 03 July’22 Page: 512-520

BACKGROUND: Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation is the main factor causing the aberrant melanin pigments leading to skin hyperpigmentation. Retinoic acid and hydroquinone are the primary preference for the skin whitening agents in preventing hyperpigmentation. However, these treatments could induce slight-to-severe irritation leading to skin cancer. Mangosteen peel possesses α-mangostin, the primary constituent of xanthones in mangosteen peel that has potency as an anti-tyrosinase for treating issues of skin hyperpigmentation. AIM: This study aims to demonstrate the capacity of mangosteen peel ethyl acetate extract-based cream in inhibiting the UVB radiation-induced skin hyperpigmentation in guinea pig. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 25 female guinea pigs were used to produce UVB-irradiated skin hyperpigmentation model. Guinea pig skins were treated with 12% mangosteen ethyl acetate extract-based cream. Mushroom tyrosinase inhibitor activity was used to evaluate the capacity of mangosteen extract in inhibiting tyrosinase activity in vitro. The melanin index in guinea pig skin after treatments was analyzed using a mexameter. The percentage of epidermal melanin-contained keratinocytes of skin tissues were analyzed using masson fontana. Pmel17 expression in cell surface was determined using immunohistochemistry. The level of tyrosinase in tissue homogenates was analyzed using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS: Mangosteen peel ethyl acetate extract showed potent inhibitory activity against the mushroom tyrosinase. Its-based cream decreased melanin index, epidermal melanin, Pmel17 expression, and tyrosinase level in hyperpigmentation skin tissues. CONCLUSION: Overall, our study demonstrates the capacity of mangosteen peel ethyl acetate extract-based cream in inhibiting the UVB radiation-induced skin hyperpigmentation in guinea pig.

Background: Bacterial skin infection is the third most common health problem in Indonesia resulting from poor personal and environmental hygiene. The most common bacterial skin infection is the pyoderma. This study aims to find out relation between personal hygiene and environmental with the incidence of pyoderma in RSI Sultan Agung Semarang.Design and Methods: The study type was analytic observational with case control design. The sample consisted of 30 respondents RSI patients Sultan Agung for case group and 30 persons as control group is the neighbors of patients who have similar characteristics and are not suffering pyoderma. The data used are secondary data from medical records and primary data from questionnaires filled out by respondents, then the data were analyzed with chi-square and to determine the correlation power there was used a contingency coefficient test.Results: It was found that the good and the bad individual hygene for the case group were 3.3% and 66.7% respectively, while for the control group the good and bad individual hygene were 80.0% and 20.0% respectively. Chi-square test resulted in p=0,000 with contingency coefisien of 0.426. It was found that the good and the bad environmental hygene for the case group were 56.7% and 43.3% respectively, while for the control group the good and bad environmental hygene were 83.3% and 16.3% respectively. Chi-square test resulted in p=0,024 with contingency coefisien of 0.27.Conclusion: There was a significant correlation between the personal and environmental hygiene and poderma insicence at the RSI Sultan Agung with a moderate relationship between individual hygiene and weak relationship between environmental hygene (Sains Medika, 3(1):24-30).

Ibrohimiyyah Islamic Boarding School (“Ponpes”) is located in Brumbung RT 05 RW 04 Mranggen Demak. The density of occupancy in each room at the Ponpes causes low personal hygiene and environmental sanitation at the place. Our community service activity (Pengabdian masyrakat/PkM) was aimed to solve the problem of (1)The lack of understanding of the students (“stantri”) about the importance of personal hygiene in preventing many diseases, especially the transmission of scabies, (2) The lack of knowledge of Ponpes administrators and santri about scabies and how to prevent transmission, (3) The number of students who currently suffer from scabies and have not been handled properly who can resulting in the transmission of this disease in the cottage environment so that it affects the rest time and productivity of students. Our PkM provided health education through counseling about scabies disease, its causes, ways to prevent transmission and how to treat wounds caused by scabies to santri and Ponpes administrators. Examination of the severity of scabies was done to determine the scabies. To prevent the spreading of the disease to others, the santri with scabies was also treated by topical scabicide, namely Permethrin cream 5% or ointment 2-4, or oral Ivermectin. Education, examination and treatment of scabies in santri was useful for increasing santri' knowledge so that they are able to understand personal hygiene in preventing many diseases, especially the transmission of scabies. Santri are able to understand about scabies and how to prevent its transmission.