Introduction: Agonistic behaviors help to ensure survival, provide advantage in competition, and communicate social status. The resident-intruder paradigm, an animal model based on male intraspecific confrontations, can be an ethologically relevant tool to investigate the neurobiology of aggressive behavior. Objectives: To examine behavioral and neurobiological mechanisms of aggressive behavior in male Swiss mice exposed to repeated confrontations in the resident intruder paradigm. Methods: Behavioral analysis was performed in association with measurements of plasma corticosterone of mice repeatedly exposed to a potential rival nearby, but inaccessible (social instigation), or to 10 sessions of social instigation followed by direct aggressive encounters. Moreover, corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BNDF) were measured in the brain of these animals. Control mice were exposed to neither social instigation nor aggressive confrontations. Results: Mice exposed to aggressive confrontations exhibited a similar pattern of species-typical aggressive and non-aggressive behaviors on the first and the last session. Moreover, in contrast to social instigation only, repeated aggressive confrontations promoted an increase in plasma corticosterone. After 10 aggressive confrontation sessions, mice presented a non-significant trend toward reducing hippocampal levels of CRF, which inversely correlated with plasma corticosterone levels. Conversely, repeated sessions of social instigation or aggressive confrontation did not alter BDNF concentrations at the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Conclusion: Exposure to repeated episodes of aggressive encounters did not promote habituation over time. Additionally, CRF seems to be involved in physiological responses to social stressors.

Estudos mostram que mulheres jovens, com idade entre 12 e 28 anos são as mais atingidas pelos transtornos alimentares. Para transtornos alimentares, um tratamento eficaz é a terapia cognitivo-comportamental (TCC). Este estudo buscou analisar os tratamentos que têm sido utilizados na área da terapia cognitivo-comportamental para anorexia e bulimia nos últimos 5 anos, por meio de uma revisão sistemática conduzida no dia 24 de junho de 2014. As bases de dados utilizadas foram PubMed, PsychINFO e SCIELO nos idiomas inglês, espanhol e português, e incluíam os termos cognitive therapy, behavior therapy, anorexia e bulimia. Foram utilizados estudos empíricos e revisões teóricas com humanos e disponibilizados gratuitamente. A análise foi feita por dois juízes independentes. A busca nas bases de dados forneceram 2066 artigos. Foram analisados resumos de 26 estudos que cumpriram os critérios propostos. Foram incluídos mais 3 estudos identificados através de outras fontes. Após a análise na íntegra, 5 estudos foram eliminados e 24 completaram todos os critérios. Desses, 11 com o termo anorexia e 13 com bulimia, entretanto, muitos não tratavam exclusivamente sobre essas patologias. Concluiu-se que a TCC se mostra eficaz no tratamento dos transtornos alimentares e estudos sugerem que técnicas atuais abrangem uma gama ampliada de sintomas.

Introduction: The aim of neuropsychological assessment is to understand the multifaceted relationship between behavior, cognition and brain organization. The main objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature on impulsivity and inhibitory control in healthy adolescents and preadolescents. Method: Three researchers conducted a systematic review on November 25, 2014. The first step was to conduct searches on the Web of Knowledge and PubMed databases for articles in English using the following keywords: child; adolescents; impulsivity; inhibition; inhibitory control; and neuropsychology. The second step was to analyze all the references cited in the articles selected from the search results in order to identify further literature. Results: Just 13 articles met all the inclusion criteria. There was no consistency in the aims of these studies, or in the instruments or procedures employed. Conclusion: There was no uniformity among the articles that met all the criteria in terms of any of the items analyzed. There was considerable heterogeneity in these studies of impulsivity and inhibitory control, and few of them evaluated healthy samples.

Resumo: Existem evidencias que suportam o uso de intervenções baseadas em mindfulness para depressão e ansiedade em adultos, entretanto a pesquisa com crianças ainda é escassa. A maior parte dessas pesquisas é desenvolvida em escolas e com população não clínica. Este estudo objetivou investigar artigos disponíveis que sugerem programas de intervenção com mindfulness em grupo clínico de crianças com ansiedade e depressão. Uma revisão sistemática da literatura foi conduzida por dois avaliadores. As bases utilizadas foram PubMed, Web of Knowledge, PsycINFO e Scielo, através da combinação de palavras-chave: ((mindfulness_) AND Child_) AND (anxiety OR depression OR internalizing problems). Os critérios de inclusão foram: artigos no período de 2008 a 2017, ensaio clínico, amostra de crianças até 12 anos com ansiedade e/ou depressão e protocolo com mindfulness. Foram encontrados 346 artigos, dentre eles, apenas três cumpriram todos os critérios de inclusão para essa pesquisa. Os artigos selecionados diferem no método e nos objetivos e não foi possível encontrar uniformidade entre eles. Os artigos são heterogêneos entre si, abarcam sintomatologia diferente, sendo que nenhum deles encontrou resultado específico para depressão. Apesar disso, todos fizeram pré e pós teste, foram realizados de forma grupal e apresentam resultados promissores da intervenção, com diminuição dos sintomas para ansiedade. Palavras-chave: mindfulness; crianças; depressão; ansiedade; ensaio clínico.Abstract: There is evidence to support the use of mindfulness-based interventions for depression and anxiety in adults, although research with children is still scarce. Most of this research is carried out in schools and with a non-clinical population. This study aimed to investigate available articles that suggest intervention programs with mindfulness in a clinical group of children with anxiety and depression. Method: Systematic review of the literature was conducted by two reviewers. The bases used were PubMed, Web of Knowledge, PsycINFO and Scielo, through the combination of keywords: ((mindfulness_) AND Child_) AND (anxiety OR depression OR internalizing problems). The inclusion criteria were: articles from 2008 to 2017, clinical trial, sample of children up to 12 years of age with anxiety and / or depression and protocol with mindfulness. Results: A total of 346 articles were found, of which only three met all the inclusion criteria for this research. The selected articles differ in method and objectives and it was not possible to find uniformity between them. Discussion: The articles are heterogeneous among them, they cover different symptomatology, none of which found a specific result for depression. Despite this, all of them did pre and post test, were performed in a group way and Paula Madeira Fortes, Alice Rodrigues Willhelm, Circe Salcides Petersen, Rosa Maria Martins de Almeida __________________________________________________________________________________________ 585 _____________________________________________________________________...