KeywordsWomen's health. Prisons. Sexuality. Health conditions. Socioeconomic factors. Resumo ObjetivoIdentificar o perfil sociodemográfico e as condições de saúde das mulheres encarceradas em penitenciária feminina. Métodos Foi realizado estudo descritivo de março a setembro de 1997, em penitenciária feminina do Estado do Espírito Santo. Todas as presidiárias foram convidadas a participar da pesquisa. Participaram 121 mulheres com idade superior a 18 anos, avaliadas por meio de entrevista aplicada, explorando informações sociodemográficas, clínicas e criminais, registradas em questionário estruturado, seguida de exame clínico-ginecológico. Resultados Um total de 121 mulheres foram incluídas. A média de idade das participantes foi de 30,2 anos (DP 8,98) e de escolaridade, 4,8 anos (DP 3,50). Todas já haviam tido atividade sexual pregressa; a idade média do primeiro coito foi de 15,2 anos (DP 2,55), variando de nove a 27 anos; e 28% apresentavam história de doença sexualmente transmissível (DST). Doze (9,9%) mulheres estavam grávidas no momento da entrevista. História de gravidez na adolescência foi freqüente. A maioria não adotava nenhum método contraceptivo e nem fazia uso de preservativos. Laqueadura tubária foi observada em 19,8% e citologia cervical anormal em 26,9%. Conclusões O conhecimento sobre problemas de saúde existentes dentro do sistema carcerário pode contribuir para fortalecer e ampliar o papel de reabilitação que lhe é conferido. Entretanto, somente a cooperação entre os órgãos de saúde pública e o sistema penitenciário pode produzir resultados eficientes. Abstract ObjectiveTo describe the sociodemographic profile and health problems of inmates in a women's prison. Methods
The purpose of this study was to describe the reproductive profile and frequency of genital infections among women living in the Serra Pelada, a former mining village in the Pará state, Brazil. A descriptive study of women living in the mining area of Serra Pelada was performed in 2004 through interviews that gathered demographics and clinical data, and assessed risk behaviors of 209 randomly-selected women. Blood samples were collected for rapid assay for HIV; specimens were taken for Pap smears and Gram stains. Standard descriptive statistical analyses were performed and prevalence was calculated to reflect the relative frequency of each disease. Of the 209 participants, the median age was 38 years, with almost 70% having less than four years of education and 77% having no income or under 1.9 times the minimum wage of Brazil. About 30% did not have access to health care services during the preceding year. Risk behaviors included: alcohol abuse, 24.4%; illicit drug abuse, 4.3%; being a sex worker, 15.8%; and domestic violence, 17.7%. Abnormal Pap smear was found in 8.6%. Prevalence rates of infection were: HIV, 1.9%; trichomoniasis, 2.9%; bacterial vaginosis, 18.7%; candidiasis, 5.7%; Chlamydial-related cytological changes, 3.3%; and HPV-related cytological changes, 3.8%. Women living in this mining area in Brazil are economically and socially vulnerable to health problems. It is important to point out the importance of concomitant broader strategies that include reducing poverty and empowering women to make improvements regarding their health.
Early miscarriage is still a concern, and viral infections are recognised as one of the causes of this adverse outcome. The causal relationship between HPV and miscarriage remains controversial. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether HPV infection indeed may occur in both the maternal and placental tissue in cases of miscarriage. Decidual and chorionic villi fragments (n = 118) were dissected from 81 miscarriage cases, 68 spontaneous and 13 intentional. HPV DNA was detected using the consensus primers MY09/11; in eight cases (9.9%, 8/81), seven of which (10.3%) were from spontaneous miscarriages and one (7.7%), was from an intentional miscarriage. The deciduas (4/8) and chorionic villi (5/8) were both infected with HPV. A reverse line blot was used to genotype HPV positive samples and revealed HPV6, 11, 58, 66 and 82. Although the results obtained cannot infer an association between HPV and pregnancy loss, it cannot be ruled out. Impact Statement What is already known on this subject? Miscarriages are considered to be the most common complication in pregnancy. Several possible causes of miscarriage have been considered, and the role of infections as one of those is confirmed, especially during the second trimester of pregnancy. The prevalence of HPV in conception products is still questionable. However, an HPV infection should not be ignored and its association with miscarriage must be considered. What the results of this study add? The present study reveals the presence of HPV in the foetal and maternal tissues of conception. What the implications are of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? This issue deserves further investigation aiming to clarify the role of HPV in miscarriage cases; which are mainly related to the specific type and grade of tissues' abnormalities found co-topographically with a virus presence.
Relatamos um caso de trissomia completa do cromossomo 9 associada com aumento da translucência Relatamos um caso de trissomia completa do cromossomo 9 associada com aumento da translucência Relatamos um caso de trissomia completa do cromossomo 9 associada com aumento da translucência Relatamos um caso de trissomia completa do cromossomo 9 associada com aumento da translucência Relatamos um caso de trissomia completa do cromossomo 9 associada com aumento da translucência nucal (9,1 mm), diagnosticada por ultra-som na 12ª semana de gestação e confirmada por cariótipo em nucal (9,1 mm), diagnosticada por ultra-som na 12ª semana de gestação e confirmada por cariótipo em nucal (9,1 mm), diagnosticada por ultra-som na 12ª semana de gestação e confirmada por cariótipo em nucal (9,1 mm), diagnosticada por ultra-som na 12ª semana de gestação e confirmada por cariótipo em nucal (9,1 mm), diagnosticada por ultra-som na 12ª semana de gestação e confirmada por cariótipo em espécime de biópsia do vilo corial. Múltiplas anomalias congênitas foram diagnosticadas no exame ultraespécime de biópsia do vilo corial. Múltiplas anomalias congênitas foram diagnosticadas no exame ultraespécime de biópsia do vilo corial. Múltiplas anomalias congênitas foram diagnosticadas no exame ultraespécime de biópsia do vilo corial. Múltiplas anomalias congênitas foram diagnosticadas no exame ultraespécime de biópsia do vilo corial. Múltiplas anomalias congênitas foram diagnosticadas no exame ultrasonográfico e confirmadas na autópsia. Embora rara, a trissomia 9 deve ser incluída no rol das anomalias sonográfico e confirmadas na autópsia. Embora rara, a trissomia 9 deve ser incluída no rol das anomalias sonográfico e confirmadas na autópsia. Embora rara, a trissomia 9 deve ser incluída no rol das anomalias sonográfico e confirmadas na autópsia. Embora rara, a trissomia 9 deve ser incluída no rol das anomalias sonográfico e confirmadas na autópsia. Embora rara, a trissomia 9 deve ser incluída no rol das anomalias cromossômicas associadas com aumento da translucência nucal. cromossômicas associadas com aumento da translucência nucal. cromossômicas associadas com aumento da translucência nucal. cromossômicas associadas com aumento da translucência nucal. cromossômicas associadas com aumento da translucência nucal. Unitermos: Trissomia 9. Patologia. Ultra-sonografia pré-natal. Translucência nucal. Anomalias cromossômicas.Trisomy 9 with increased nuchal translucency: ultrasound and pathologic correlation -a case report. We report a case of prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 9 in a fetus presenting increased translucency thickness We report a case of prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 9 in a fetus presenting increased translucency thickness We report a case of prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 9 in a fetus presenting increased translucency thickness We report a case of prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 9 in a fetus presenting increased translucency thickness We report a case of prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 9 in a fetus presenting increased translucency thickness (9.1 mm) ...
accuracy of prenatal diagnosis at our center is 73.2% (205/280). The four most accurate systems are abdominal wall (accuracy: 100%), hydrops fetalis (100%), thorax (100%), and gastrointestinal (82.2%) system. The four most inaccurate systems are heart (49%), musculoskeletal (66.7%), face and neck (70.8%), and neural axis (73.5%) system. The differences of accuracy in each system are statistically significant (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Our results show that the accuracy of ultrasound for detecting fetal anomaly differs according to fetal anatomical system. To improve the accuracy system oriented training program for fetal ultrasound is needed. P02.09Isolated placental aneuploidy associated with spontaneous resolution of hydrops fetalis We describe a case of transient mid-gestational hydrops fetalis identified by ultrasound in a 32-year-old woman, gravida 1, para 0, at our prenatal diagnosis unit. The first-trimester ultrasound showed increased nuchal translucency (3.0 mm), which was above 95th percentile for the crow-rump length (41 mm). Fetal nasal bone was present and the Doppler velocity waveform in the ductus venosus was normal. Karyotyping was offered owning to the increased nuchal translucency. Cytogenetic analysis revealed an abnormal placenta double trisomy in twenty cells analyzed (48 XX,+ 15,+ 20), but the fetus was alive and well at the 16th week of gestation. Therefore, an amniocentesis was performed and showed a normal 46,XX karyotype. Ultrasound revealed the resolution of the nuchal translucency. A detailed ultrasonographic examination performed at 19 weeks of gestation detected severe hydrops fetalis. Specialist fetal echocardiography showed a structural normally connection heart with no obvious structural defect. Two weeks later, a new scan showed only mild hydrops, and two weeks later the ultrasound was normal. The fetus was delivered at 38 week's gestation by Cesarean section. Her weight was 3025 g with Apgar scores of 9 and 10 at 1 and 5 min, respectively. The placenta histopathologic examination was normal. The newborn was evaluated with detail and no abnormality was demonstrated. At now (after 5 months) the infant's evolution is normal for its age. Results: The incidence of SUA in our population resulted 0.18%. Of these, 30cases were normal pregnancies at birth and 11 cases presented antenatal complications included growth retardation (n = 3) at delivery and eight congenital malformations such as acrania (n = 1), congenital diaphragmatic hernia and hypoplastic Lt heart syndrome (n = 1), Tetralogy of Fallot (n = 1), Tracheoesophageal atresia (TEA) with imperforated anus (n = 1), Omphalocele with choroids plexus cyst (CPC) (n = 1), and renal anomalies (unilateral renal agenesis n = 2, pelviectasis n = 1). Karyotype determinations by amniocentesis were in two cases and all were revealed normal. Abortus karyotype of omphalocele with CPC was Trisomy 18. Termination of pregnancy was done in four cases with major anomaly except renal anomaly and TEA with imperforated anus case. One TEA with imperforat...
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