Background: Sulforaphane (SF, 1-isothiocyanato-4-(methyl-sulfinyl)-butane) is found in broccoli, cabbage and cauliflower. Methods: we performed a critical review on the antioxidative, chemopreventive and antitumor effects of SF from cruciferous vegetables against prostate cancers and molecular pathways. For a complete and reliable review, primary and secondary resources were used, including original and review articles, books and government documents published until March 2018. Articles that are in duplicity and disconnected are not considered for review. SF is derived from glucoraphanin (4-methyl-sulfinyl-butyl-glucosinate), being one of the most commonly found isothiocyanates in vegetables from Brassica spp., especially in broccoli samples. In vitro studies indicate that SF induces apoptosis in a dependent or non-dependent method of androgens by transcription of tumor suppressor genes, oxidation response and higher expression of phase II enzymes in prostate cancer cells. Sulforaphane also decreases transcription of the nuclear factor kB and antiapoptotic proteins, expression of cyclin D2 and survivin and DNA synthesis, increases Nrf2 gene activity, interferes with genome compacting by inhibition of histone deacetylases and disrupts Hsp90 complexes, which cause cell cycle arrest, mitosis interruption, activation of caspases and mitochondria depolarization. Conclusion: SF and cruciferous vegetables play antioxidative and chemopreventive role, delaying or blocking in vivo carcinogenesis, causing biochemical and epigenetic changes, preventing, delaying, or reversing preneoplastic or advanced prostate lesions, and frequently activating tumor cell death by intrinsic methods of apoptosis. These outcomes encourage the consumption of Brassica specimens, which could be easily achieved by the incorporation of food and vegetables rich in cruciferous isothiocyanates in the diet.
Lettuce is a vegetable most consumed and produced on a large scale in the world, it deserves special attention for its nutritional and functional value. Cultivated in the conventional, hydroponic and organic method, it presents different characteristics in production, which may influence the composition of this vegetable. It is indisputable that regular consumption of vegetables is beneficial due to the presence of bioactive compounds with antioxidant properties that protect and promote human health. In this study, the total phenolic compound, flavonoid, and tannin contents, as well as the antioxidant activities of lettuce samples from conventional, hydroponic, and conventional cultivars were analyzed. An extract was prepared using 80% acetone. The contents of total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and tannins were determined. The antioxidant activity was determined by the radical capture method using DPPH. It was observed that the organic cultivation system had the highest values of ash, protein, total phenolic compounds, flavonoids and antioxidant activity, followed by the hydroponic system. The organic system presented greater protein content and higher content of bioactive compounds, justifying the high antioxidant activity. Therefore, the organic farming system favors the highest concentration in the content of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity.
O doce de leite é um importante alimento regional, produzido e consumido em grande escala tanto no Brasil quanto na Argentina, devido principalmente as suas características, como a fácil digestão e maior valor nutricional. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi elaborar um doce de leite de cabra e analisar a aceitação sensorial, preferência e intenção de compra do produto. Foram elaboradas duas formulações de doce, sendo uma padrão e F1, esta com adição do edulcorante e pectina. As amostras de doce de leite foram analisadas por 100 provadores utilizando-se os testes afetivos de escala hedônica, teste pareado preferência e intenção de compra. Pode-se observar que tanto a amostra padrão como a F1 de doce de leite de cabra apresentaram uma boa aceitação global (notas médias de 7,0 – gostei moderadamente) e intenção de compra (notas médias de 4,0 – provavelmente compraria), e não apresentaram diferença estatística significativa entre as mesmas na avaliação da preferência. Os índices de aceitabilidade foram superiores a 80%, para ambas as formulações. A F1 pode ser considerada light, pois houve uma redução de 28% no teor de carboidratos. Assim, o produto elaborado pode ser enquadrado na categoria dos alimentos para fins especiais, e apresentou uma boa aceitação e viabilidade para a comercialização no mercado.
Nas Unidades de Alimentação e Nutrição (UAN), as contaminações podem ser oriundas das diversas etapas de manuseio do alimento, aumentando, assim, a incidência de doenças de origem alimentar, sendo necessária a manutenção de condições higiênico-sanitárias adequadas e locais apropriados, de forma a garantir a dignidade do ato de se alimentar. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar as condições higiênico-sanitárias e físico-estruturais de Unidades de Alimentação e Nutrição. O estudo foi realizado em UAN dos municípios de Teresina, Picos, Floriano e Parnaíba no Estado do Piauí, nas quais foram codificadas em A, B, C, D, E, F e G. Realizou-se a aplicação do checklist adaptado da RDC nº 275/2002, em que cada item foi avaliado em “conforme” e “não-conforme” e seus resultados foram apresentados em porcentagens. Das 7 UAN analisadas, 57% eram UAN institucionais, 29% UAN hospitalares e 14% UAN não institucionais, a maioria apresentou percentuais de conformidades maior que 70%, destacando a UAN A (95,3%). A UAN E foi a que apresentou menor percentual de adequação na maioria dos itens, destacando o item matérias-primas, ingredientes e embalagens (18,2%), sendo classificada como muito ruim. A UAN G foi a única que não apresentou documentos e registro. Conclui-se que a maioria das UAN apresentou condições higiênico-sanitárias satisfatórias em boa parte dos itens preconizados pela RDC n° 216/2004. Entretanto, algumas UAN foram classificadas como ruins, podendo gerar riscos à saúde dos comensais. Palavras-chave: Alimentação Coletiva. Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional. Manipulação de Alimentos. Boas Práticas de Fabricação. Abstract In Food and Nutrition Units (UAN), contamination may come from the various stages of food handling, thus increasing the incidence of food-borne illnesses, requiring the maintenance of adequate hygienic-sanitary conditions and appropriate places, to guarantee the dignity of the feeding act. The study was carried out in UAN in the municipalities of Teresina, Picos, Floriano and Parnaíba in the state of Piauí, in which they were coded in A, B, C, D, E, F and G. The checklist adapted from RDC nº 275/2002 was applied, in which each item was evaluated as "compliant" and "non-compliant" and its results were presented in percentages. Of the 7 UANs analyzed, 57% were institutional UANs, 29% hospital UANs and 14% non-institutional UANs, the majority had conformity percentages greater than 70%, highlighting UAN A (95.3%). The UAN E was the one with the lowest percentage of adequacy in most items, highlighting the item raw materials, ingredients and packaging (18.2%), being classified as very bad. The UAN G was the only one that did not present documents and registration. It is concluded that the majority of UANs presented satisfactory hygienic-sanitary conditions in most of the items recommended by RDC nº 216/2004. However, some UANs have been classified as bad, which can create health risks for diners. Keywords: Collective Food. Food and Nutrition Security. Food Handling. Good Manufacturing Practices.
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