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IntroductionAt present, numerous studies can be found in which influences and relationships between the principal executive functions, reading comprehension, and academic performance associated with reading are reported. However, there is still a lack of convergence regarding the impact of computerized cognitive training on children’s executive development and its transfer in academic reading performance and comprehension of written texts.MethodsThis study analyzes the effect of implementing a cognitive stimulation program on the performance of reading comprehension and academic performance in the subject of Spanish Language and Literature. To this end, a total sample of 196 children from 23 educational centers received the cognitive intervention for 8 weeks, with three weekly sessions of between 15 and 20 min each occurring on non-consecutive days. Pre-test and post-test measurements were collected and analyzed.ResultsThe results demonstrate a significant increase in the reading comprehension scores. In addition, a significant impact of the training on the participants’ academic performance in the subject Spanish Language and Literature was found.DiscussionThese results highlight the usefulness of computerized cognitive stimulation programs for reading comprehension enhancement.

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Recent experimental and theoretical studies have shown that the assessment of students’ satisfaction of their basic psychological needs (BPN) can be a powerful resource to identify different areas to improve their well-being, engagement, or learning achievement in school contexts. However, currently, the number of validated tools to assess the satisfaction of the BPN is very low, hindering informed decision-making strategies at the educational level. The aim of this study was to develop and validate the Basic Psychological Needs in the Classroom Scale (BPN-CS) instrument, adapting existing instruments and putting the new tool to the test. The BPN-CS was developed to measure the level of satisfaction of autonomy, competence, relatedness, and novelty in the classroom. We tested the scale on a representative sample of 1344 Spanish elementary school students from 8 to 13 years old. A series of analyses were run in order to test the internal consistency of the main factors as well as to prove the convergent and divergent validity of the instrument. In summary, the BPN-CS is presented as a reliable and valid self-report instrument to measure basic psychological needs in a classroom context with elementary school pupils in the Spanish context.

El insomnio, desde un punto subjetivo, se puede definir como la insatisfacción que tiene el paciente con respecto a la cantidad o calidad de su sueño; como existe una tendencia por parte del insomne a sobrevalorar el tiempo que tarda en dormirse (latencia) y a subestimar el tiempo que permanece dormido'", establecen unos criterios más objetivos, definiendo como insomnes a los pacientes que por lo menos tardan en dormirse más de 45 minutos durante cuatro días a la semana, que no pueden mantener el sueño, durmiendo menos de seis horas o que se despiertan más de cinco veces por noche.Las personas que sufren insomnio viven angustiadas y buscan afanosamente un remedio, un fármaco maravilloso, que actúe sobre su sueño como si se tratara de un interruptor que conecte el sueño y la vigilia a voluntad del paciente. Los hipnóticos son fármacos eficaces y útiles, pero pueden desarrollar tolerancia y dependencia, por otro lado, el insomnio es un síntoma que acompaña a distintas enfermedades y consumo de fármacos, es necesario por tanto, establecer un diagnóstico correcto de la etiología del insomnio para proceder a su tratamiento eficaz sin incluir necesariamente el uso de un hipnótico.Unos estudios realizados por Gallup' y la Asociación d~ Centros de Des 1 órdenes del Sueño (Association of Sleep Disorder Centers) establecen que las causas más frecuen-t~s _de insomni? transitorio suelen ser las de origen psicologico y/o ambiental que carecen de un sustrato orgánico o psicopatológico que lo mantenga, como pueden ser los conflictos emocionales, la tensión laboral, el habitat desconocido o las luces y ruidos no habituales. Por tanto, estos insomnios se pueden considerar como "insomnios primarios".El insomnio crónico generalmente se presenta en personas con trastornos de la personalidad, por lo común int:overtidos, con pr