No abstract

Resumo Este estudo tem por objetivo descrever a prevalência e os fatores associados aos transtornos mentais comuns em mulheres de 18-49 anos, residentes da zona rural do município de Rio Grande-RS. Foi realizado um estudo transversal com a coleta de dados realizada no ano de 2017. Foi utilizado um processo de amostragem sistemático dos domicílios da área rural do município. Para o rastreamento dos transtornos mentais comuns utilizou-se o General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12). Foi utilizada a regressão de Poisson bruta e ajustada para estimar as razões de prevalências (RP) e os respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95%. A prevalência geral de Transtornos Mentais Comuns foi de 36,4%, sendo mais comum entre as mulheres com menor escolaridade, as que sofreram aborto e as tabagistas. Ao quantificar a ocorrência e os fatores associados aos transtornos mentais comuns numa população de mulheres de uma área rural, o presente estudo traz uma contribuição científica original sobre a carga deste importante desfecho numa população pouco estudada em inquéritos epidemiológicos. Os resultados podem contribuir com os serviços de saúde através da identificação das mulheres mais suscetíveis a este desfecho, melhorando deste modo a adequação dos serviços oferecidos às necessidades em saúde de moradores de áreas rurais.

Nerve growth factor (NGF) is an important member of the neurotrophin family and its alteration has been associated with psychiatric disorders. Functionality consists of the activities that an individual can perform, as well as their social participation, which is an important factor in analyzing the carrier living conditions of subjects with psychiatric suffering. Several studies have evaluated functionality in bipolar disorder; however, no studies have evaluated the functionality in other mental disorders. There are also few studies investigating the association between functionality and the biological bases of mental disorders. This study aimed to evaluate the serum NGF levels in psychiatric patients and to verify a possible association between the serum neurotrophic levels and functionality. This was a cross-sectional study with a convenient sample obtained from the Public Mental Health Service from the south of Brazil. The final sample was composed of 286 patients enrolled from July 2013 to October 2014. Data was collected using a sociodemographic questionnaire, and the diagnosis was confirmed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I) and a Functioning Assessment Short Test. The serum NGF levels were determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistic 21.0 software. NGF serum levels were increased significantly in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder compared with patients with no obsessive–compulsive disorder (P=0.015). An increase in serum NGF levels in generalized anxiety disorder patients was observed compared with patients with no generalized anxiety disorder (P=0.047). NGF was negatively associated with autonomy (P=0.024, r=−0.136), work (P=0.040, r=−0.124), and cognition (P=0.024, r=−0.137), thereby showing that changes in serum levels of NGF are associated with functionality in mental disorders.

Objective: This study investigated the association between screen time in adolescence and Attention Deficit Disorder (ADHD) at 22 years old. Method: A sample of 2333 participants aged 11 years old without ADHD from the 1993 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study (Brazil) was followed up until the age of 22. Screen time variables included time spent in television, video game and computer at 11, 15, and 18 years old. ADHD was assessed at 22 years. Results: ADHD symptoms at 22 years was positively associated with television time at 11 years, computer time at 18 years and total screen time at ages 11, 15, and 18 years. Television time at 11 years and total screen time at 18 years were associated with diagnosis of ADHD at 22 years of age. Conclusions: Our findings may contribute to future investigations of possible explanatory avenues for these associations.

Objective: To measure the prevalence of illicit drugs use in the lifetime, last year and last month, as well as the factors associated to the last year's use and its association with academic migration, among undergraduate students of a university in southern Brazil. Methods:In this cross-sectional study, data were collected through self-administered questionnaire. It was conducted a clustered systematic sampling. For multivariate analyses, it was used Poisson regression. Results: 1,423 students participated. The prevalence of illicit drug use in the lifetime, last year and last month were 42.4%, 25.5% and 17.7%, respectively. Regarding illicit substances, marijuana use was the most prevalent. The variables independently associated with illicit drugs use in the last year were academic migration, being male, younger, single, high parent's educational level, living with peers, tobacco use in the last year, and having friend and relative that have used illicit drugs. Religious practice had a protective effect. Conclusion: Individuals who migrated from their cities to study at the university are more exposed to the main risk factors pointed out by this research and hence to the use of illicit drugs. Based on these results, we suggest that universities develop evaluation, prevention, treatment or referral strategies considering specific needs of this population RESUMO Objetivo: Medir a prevalência do uso de drogas ilícitas na vida, no último ano e no último mês, assim como os fatores associados ao uso no último ano e a sua relação com a migração ORIGINAL ARTICLE Illicit drugs and academic migration J Bras Psiquiatr. 2019;68(1):8-15 acadêmica, entre estudantes de graduação de uma universidade no sul do Brasil. Métodos: Neste estudo transversal, os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário autoaplicável. Foi conduzida uma amostragem sistemática por conglomerados. Para a análise multivariável, foi utilizada a regressão de Poisson. Resultados: Foram entrevistados 1.423 estudantes. A prevalência de uso de drogas ilícitas na vida, no último ano e no último mês foi de 42,4%, 25,5% e 17,7%, respectivamente. Em relação às substâncias ilícitas, o uso de maconha foi o mais prevalente. As variáveis independentemente associadas ao uso de drogas ilícitas no último ano foram a migração acadêmica, ser do sexo masculino, ser mais jovem, ser solteiro, o maior nível educacional dos pais, morar com os pares, ter feito uso de tabaco no último ano e ter amigos e familiares que já fizeram uso de drogas ilícitas. A prática religiosa teve efeito protetivo. Conclusão: Indivíduos que migraram de suas cidades para estudar na universidade estão mais expostos aos principais fatores de risco apontados nesta pesquisa e, assim, ao uso de drogas ilícitas. Com base nesses resultados, sugerimos que as universidades desenvolvam estratégias de avaliação, prevenção, tratamento ou encaminhamento, considerando as necessidades específicas dessa população. 23711_JPB 68(1).indb 9 25/04/19 09:41 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Demenech LM, et al. J Bras Psiquiatr. 2019...