The German labour market policy regime constitutes a reliable supporting pillar of the highly productive German employment system. Due to the most recent reforms, its core principle of status protection – a basic norm of the German middle-class-related model of social protection for the population of working age – is losing its formative character. Our analysis focuses on three separate policy principles that form the guiding logic of status centredness, namely the equivalence in security provision, the mechanisms that protect the socio-economic status in the event of unemployment, and the tripartite mode of funding. We argue that the ‘Hartz Reforms’ have reinforced the logic of the legal modifications since the mid-1990s, cumulating now in a shift away from the middle-class-oriented status-centred approach of social security provision.
Weiterbildung gilt als Schlüsselinstrument zur Bewältigung des Strukturwandels. Der Beitrag unterzieht die mit dem Qualifizierungschancengesetz 2019 eingeführten Bildungsgutscheine für Beschäftigte sowie zwei weitere in der Diskussion befindliche Neuregelungen zur Weiterbildung von Beschäftigten – das vom Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales vorgeschlagene Persönliche Erwerbstätigenkonto sowie den von Gerhard Bosch entwickelten Weiterbildungsfonds – einer institutionentheoretischen Policy-Analyse. Dieser Analyseansatz ist dadurch begründet, dass sich die Effektivität neuer Instrumente daran bemisst, ob Zweck und Zielgruppe angemessen spezifiziert sind, neue mit bestehenden individuellen und kollektiven sozialen Rechten in Einklang stehen und eine institutionelle Passförmigkeit mit dem bestehenden Policy-Regime insgesamt gegeben ist. Damit liefert die Analyse politische Maßstäbe für die Bewertung der Machbarkeit und der institutionellen Folgen von Vorschlägen zur Weiterbildungsförderung, die ebenso notwendig sind wie ökonomische Kosten-Nutzen-Abschätzungen.
Direct job creation has long been a classic instrument of labour market policy, pursuing a number of potential goals. Recently in Germany, policies of this type have come under growing pressure. This is partly due to the increasingly scarce resources available for job creation measures. Taken together with the continual policy reforms of the past few years and the growing pressure on public employment agencies to promote measures of non-subsidized labour market inclusion, this means that the area of direct job creation has come under close scrutiny and forced to justify its approach. In this article, we present our arguments for a further development of local authority concepts with a programmatic segmentation under the headings of ‘structurally effective direct job creation’ and ‘socially inclusive direct job creation’.
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