IntroductionDisturbances in inflammatory processes may play a role in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. The neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are indicators of the systemic inflammatory response.ObjectivesThe current study was prepared based on the assumption that dysregulated immune function and elevated inflammation markers may be seen in substance use disorders.AimsOur aim was to investigate whether NLR and CRP are higher in patients diagnosed with substance use disorders than in healthy subjects.MethodsThe participants in the study included 115 male inpatients diagnosed with alcohol (n = 41), heroin (n = 46), or synthetic cannabinoid (n = 28) dependence according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV-TR), and 32 healthy male volunteers. We used NLR and CRP as measures of systemic inflammation. Blood samples were taken on the next morning of admission for detoxification. Addiction severity was assessed using the Addiction Profile Index (API).ResultsThe difference between the groups with respect to NLR was statistically significant (P = 0.014). Patients diagnosed with alcohol, heroin or synthetic cannabinoid dependence had similar NLR. Patients with alcohol or synthetic cannabinoid dependence had significantly higher NLR than healthy controls (P = 0.001 and P = 0.029, respectively). Patients with heroin dependence trended towards statistically significantly higher NLR compared to healthy controls (P = 0.067). CRP levels did not differ significantly between the patient and control groups. NLR and CRP were not significantly correlated with API scores.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that NLR is elevated in patients with substance use disorders in comparison to healthy controls.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Opioid kullanım bozukluğu (OpKB) sınırlı tedavi seçeneklerine sahip biyolojik ve psikososyal bir bozukluktur. Bağımlılık tedavilerine ek olarak yapılan egzersiz uygulamalarının madde kullanımını azaltma ve yaşam kalitesini iyileştirmede etkili olabileceği ileri sürülmüştür. Bu araştırmada OpKB olan hastalarda yüksek yoğunluklu aralıklı egzersiz programının kortizol, insülin benzeri büyüme faktörü 1 (IGF-1), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interlökin 17 (IL-17) düzeyleri ve klinik seyir üzerine etkilerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Araştırmamıza yatarak tedavi gören DSM-5 ölçütlerine göre OpKB tanı ölçütlerini karşılayan 22 erkek hasta dahil edilmiş ve 11 kişi egzersiz, 11 kişi kontrol grubu olacak şekilde iki gruba ayrılarak çalışma yapılmıştır. Egzersiz grubuna 5 seans yüksek yoğunluklu aralıklı egzersiz (HIIT) programı uygulanmıştır. Grupların özelliklerini belirlemede sosyodemografik veri formu, Bağımlılık Profil İndeksi ve Barratt Dürtüsellik Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Klinik seyri değerlendirmek amacıyla tedavi öncesi ve sonunda Hamilton Depresyon Ölçeği, Hamilton Anksiyete Ölçeği, Madde Aşerme Ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Tedavinin 5. ve 21. günü kan alınarak kortizol, IGF-1, IFN-γ, IL-17 düzeyleri ölçülmüştür. Bulgular: Grupların tedavi başlangıcı ve sonundaki Hamilton Depresyon Ölçeği, Hamilton Anksiyete Ölçeği, Madde Aşerme Ölçeği puanlarındaki değişim karşılaştırıldığında egzersiz grubunda anlamlı azalma saptanmıştır. Egzersiz ve kontrol grubu arasında kortizol düzeyleri açısından anlamlı farklılık saptanmamıştır. IGF-1 düzeylerindeki değişim açısından karşılaştırma yapıldığında egzersiz yapan grupta istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı artma bulunmuştur. Gruplar arasında IFN-γ ve IL-17 düzeyleri açısından da anlamlı farklılık saptanmamıştır. Sonuç: Yüksek yoğunluklu aralıklı egzersiz programının depresif belirtilerde, anksiyete belirtilerinde ve madde isteğinde azalma sağladığı; IGF-1 düzeylerini artırdığı ancak kortizol, IFN-γ ve IL-17 düzeylerini değiştirmediği tespit edilmiştir. Bu araştırmanın, eroin bağımlılığı tanısı ile tedavi gören hastalarda yüksek yoğunluklu aralıklı egzersiz uygulamasının etkilerine vurgu yaparak bağımlılık tedavisi literatürüne katkı sağlayabileceği düşünülmüştür.

Introduction Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is defined as a mental health issue and is assessed using DSM-V diagnostic criteria. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder comprises emotional, behavioral, and physical symptoms that occur in the premenstrual phase and resolve shortly after the start of menstruation. These symptoms and functional impairment may negatively affect occupational competence and value. This study investigated perceived occupational competence and value in university students with premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Methods This cross-sectional study was performed at a public university with 35 students with PMDD and 35 age-matched students without PMDD. Occupational competence and value were evaluated using the Occupational Self-Assessment (OSA). Results There was a significant difference between the groups in OSA competence score ( p < 0.05), while there was no significant difference in OSA value score ( p > 0.05). Conclusion This study demonstrated that university students with PMDD experience more occupational competence challenges than peers without PMDD. Further studies should be performed to determine the role of occupational therapy in the rehabilitation of PMDD.

IntroductionAccording to literature, the patients with severe mental disorder have higher cardiovascular disease risk than the normal population.ObjectivesThe current study based on the assumption that elevated inflammatory markers may be related to cardiovascular disease risk in psychiatric patient population.AimsThis study is aimed to define the relation between the inflammatory reactant, C-reactive protein levels and 10-year risk of coronary heart disease according to Framingham risk score (FRS).MethodsA total of 204 patients (106 female–98 male) who admitted to the psychiatric service between March and November 2015 and diagnosed with major depression, bipolar disorder and psychotic disorder were included in the study. Participants were evaluated by their gender, age, body mass index, waist circumference, high density lipoprotein levels, total cholesterol levels, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, diabetes comorbidity and CRP levels.ResultsTen-year risk of cardiovascular disease was found significantly higher at males than females (P < 0.001). There was no correlation between the FRS and the CRP levels which is an acute phase reactant and a contributer of atherogenesis (P = 0.763). However, mean values of CRP levels were determined as 0.59 ± 0.07 mg/dL for females and 0.56 ± 0.07 mg/dL for males. These levels are both high compared to the normal value which is up to 0.34 mg/dL. There was also a remarkable correlation between FRS scores and waist circumference (P = 0.012).ConclusionsFramingham risk score can be used to detect cardiovascular disease risk and can be helpful in management of pharmacotherapy of the high-risk population.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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