AIM: The effects of the glucocorticoids (GR) fluticasone and budesonide and a blocker of the adenosine receptor in the treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and bronchial asthma were studied in this work. METHODS: The parameters of lung function were determined with body plethysmography. Airway resistance (Raw) was registered and measured and the intrathoracic gas volume and specific resistance (SRaw) of the airways were also calculated. RESULTS: The results of this study of patients with COPD and bronchial asthma used doxofylline as a blocker of the adenosine receptor. Doxofylline was given orally on 7 consecutive days at home with a dose of 2 × 400 mg orally. Raw and IGTV were then measured, and SRaw was calculated. The results indicated a significant decrease in the airway specific resistance (p < 0.05). On the 8th day, the same patients were given two inhalations with spray fluticasone and budesonide (budesonide, 2 inh × 2 mg; Pulmicort 2 inh × 125 mcg). After the inhalations were given, Raw and IGTV were measured after 5, 15, 30, 60, and 120 min, SRaw was then calculated. CONCLUSION: After the preliminary application of doxofylline, the GRs fluticasone and budesonide have a significant effect (p < 0.01) on the decrease of the airway SRaw. This effect suggests that the blocking effect of the adenosine receptor (p < 0.05) emphasizes the bronchodilation effect of GRs (p < 0.01).

Objective:Role of the atelectasis (hypoxia) in the respiratory system of the live and exited newborn (250 up to 3000 g. of body weight), which has died due to different causes was studied in this work.Methods:Response of tracheal rings to dopamine, serotonine and ethanol in the different molar concentrations (dopamine: 0,05 mg/ml, 0,5 mg/ml, 5 mg/ml; serotonine (5-HT): 10-4, 10-3, 10-2, 10-1 mol/dm3; ethanol: 0,2 ml, 0,5 ml, 1,0 ml; 96%) was followed up. Study of the smooth tracheal musculature tone (STM) was elaborated in 16 tracheal preparations taken following the newborn death due to different causes.Results:Based on functional researches of tracheal isolated preparations, it was ascertained as follows: atelectasis (cases born with lung hypoxia) has changed the response of STM to dopamine, serotonine and ethanol in a significant manner (p<0,01) in comparison to cases of controlling group, which has died due to lung inflammatory processes (e.g. pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, cerebral hemorrhage), which have also caused significant response (p<0,05).Conclusion:Results suggest that exited cases from lung atelectasis and cases of controlling group reacts to above mentioned substances by causing significant constrictor action of tracheobronchial system.

Background:In this work, effect of Tamsulosin hydrochloride as antagonist of alpha1A and alpha1B- adrenergic receptor and effect of Salbutamol as agonist of beta2- adrenergic receptor in patients with bronchial asthma and increased bronchial reactibility was studied.Methods:Parameters of the lung function are determined by Body plethysmography. Raw and ITGV were registered and specific resistance (SRaw) was also calculated. Tamsulosin was administered in per os way as a preparation in the form of the capsules with a brand name of “Prolosin”, producer: Niche Generics Limited, Hitchin, Herts.Results:Results gained from this research show that blockage of alpha1A and alpha1B- adrenergic receptor with Tamsulosin hydrochloride (0.4 mg and 0.8 mg in per os way) has not changed significantly (p > 0.1) the bronchomotor tonus of tracheobronchial tree in comparison to the inhalation of Salbutamol as agonist of beta2- adrenergic receptor (2 inh. x 0.2 mg), (p < 0.05). Arterial blood pressure showed no significant decrease following the administration of the dose of 0.8 mg Tamsulosin.Conclusion:This suggests that the activity of alpha1A and alpha1B- adrenergic receptor in the smooth musculature is not a primary mechanism which causes reaction in patients with increased bronchial reactibility, in comparison to agonists of beta2 – adrenergic receptor which emphasizes their significant action in the reduction of specific resistance of airways.

The impact of air pollution with microparticles (PM2.5 and PM10) on the respiratory systems of workers engaged in thesurface mining of coal at the Bellaqevc power plants of Kosovo  is studied  in this paper. The parameters of lung functionare defined via body plethysmography. The resistance of the airways (Raw) was recorded, intrathoracic gas volume (ITGV) was measured, and the specific resistanceof the airways (SRaw) and specific conductance (SGaw) were calculated. The research was performed withintwo groups: a control group and experimental group. The control group consisted of 28 healthy people, whereas the experimental group consisted of 50 workers engaged in the surface mining of coal at the Bellaqevc power plants of Kosovo. The results obtained from this research indicated that the mean specific resistance (SRaw) was ​​significantly increased in the experimental group (p<0.01) compared to the control group (p>0.1). The study also found that smoking favors the adverse effects of air pollution caused by coalsurface mining at the Bellaqevc power plants (p<0.01). Measurements of the respiratory systems were made prior to and following provocation with histamine–aerosol (1 mg/ml) in the control and experimental groups. Changes between these two groups following this provocation with histamine–aerosol were found to be statistically significant (p<0.01). In order to cause a respiratory pathology from air pollution, it is required a lot of time, such pollution can permanently cause respiratory system disorders. These scientific findings suggest that the long-term exposure of workers to microparticles PM2.5 and PM10 during the processof surface mining coal at the Bellaqevc power plants of Kosovo  poses a risk to their health by causing increased bronchial reactivity, bronchial asthma, orchronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Context: Kosovo is a region in the Western Balkans that is rich in minerals and coal, so pollution is a serious public health problem there. Workers in the heavy and precious metal smeltery in Zveqan, Kosovo, were studied with regard to the roles that vapor from the smelting of metals (Pb, Zn, Au, Ag, P, and Cu) and particulate matter play in causing bronchial hyperreactivity. Objectives: The purpose of the article was to measure the parameters of lung function as determined by body plethysmography, diagnosis of respiratory diseases, and assessment of respiratory function using a histamine bronchoprovocation test. Settings and Design: The present study was conducted in two groups of participants: A control group, which included 25 healthy persons, and a smeltery worker group, which included 45 mine workers (15 smokers and 30 nonsmokers) holding permanent jobs in the mineral foundry of Zvecan, Kosovo. Subjects and Methods: Pulmonary function parameters (specific airway resistance [Raw] and intrathoracic gas volume) were measured and used to calculate the specific resistance (SRaw)and specific conductance (SGaw) of the airways, and a histamine bronchoprovocation test was conducted. Statistical Analysis Used: The data were entered and analyzed using the Microsoft Excel and INSTAT 3 software. Results: Airway specific resistance (SRaw) was significantly higher in the smeltery worker group ( P < 0.01) as compared to the control group ( P > 0.1). Conclusion: These results suggest that occupational exposure to vapors during the metal refining process poses a risk to the workers' health and can cause bronchial hyperreactivity, bronchial asthma, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.