Introduction: Inflammation is a key mediator in plenty of important physiological abnormalities like cancer, myocardial infarction and arthritis. Natural anti-inflammatory agents are of great demand owing to its decreased side effects and increased curative properties. Aim: To investigate the in vitro inhibitory effect of three different concentrations of hydroalcoholic extract of Boswellia serrata (BS) and Terminalia bellerica (TB) on COX-2 and LOX-2 enzymes. Materials and Methods: Three different concentrations of hydroalcoholic menstruum of BS and TB were prepared using the standard procedures. The in vitro inhibitory activities of COX-2 and LOX-2 were performed using previously mentioned methods with minor modifications. Results: Among the different concentrations used the 90:10 menstruum of BS at 12 mg/ml displayed maximum inhibitory potential against COX-2 enzyme when compared to the same concentration of TB extract. This is suggestive that the majority of bioactive compounds present in BS was alcohol soluble and hence elicited maximum inhibition potential at 90 % ethanol ratio. A similar pattern of results were observed against LOX-2 enzyme as well. Conclusion:From the results it is concluded that the 90:10 hydroalcoholic extract of Boswellia serrata and Terminalia bellerica exhibit appreciable percentage of COX-2 and LOX-2 inhibition, which could be attributed to the ethanol soluble bioactive components present in the extract.

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Present study aims to evaluate phytochemical and chromatographic profile, along with antioxidant and anti proliferative properties of Mimosa diplotricha ethanolic leaf extract. Qualitative screening of phytoconstituents by consecutive solvent extraction in increased polarity basis and standardization of potential extract based on phytochemical elution profile was done. Selected secondary metabolites like phenols, flavanoids, tannins and alkaloids were quantified in ethanolic extract. Chromatographic profile was determined by HPTLC and GC-MS analysis. In vitro antioxidant potential was assessed by DPPH, superoxide, nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical scavenging assay. Ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP) and reducing potential of the respective extract were also determined. Anticancer potential was confirmed by cytotoxic screening in colorectal (HCT-116) cancer cell lines by MTT assay. Qualitative phytochemical analysis and chromatographic profile reveal a phytoconstituent rich profile for the ethanolic leaf extract. The amount of, phenols (56 ± 0.57 mg/g), flavanoids (27 ± 0.76 mg/g), tannins (33 ± 0.15 mg/g) were quantified as equivalent of gallic acid, quercetin and tannic acid standards respectively and alkaloids (2.51 ± 0.47 mg/g of extracted plant material) were expressed based on respective analysis. Results also reveal convincing antioxidant potential for respective extract. In vitro cytotoxicity confirmed by MTT assay represents an IC50 value of 97.82 µg/ml. From the above results it can be concluded that M.diplotricha has got pharmacologically significant phytoconstituents and therapeutic active ingredients as evident in HPTLC and GC-MS analysis. This is further supported by considerable antioxidant and anti proliferative properties observed in respective assays.

Azolla microphylla is an easily cultivable aquatic plant with the commendable nutritious property. Recent reports on Azolla species emphasize the therapeutic potential of the plant extracts. Moreover, the same genus of plant also had displayed antioxidant potential owing to its free radical scavenging tendency. Although these attributes were identified, a study investigating the toxicological property of different dosages of ethanolic extract of A. microphylla (EAM) is not yet reported. Thus the present study aims for the in vivo toxicological evaluation of the EAM in Wistar strain of rats. Daily doses of 0, 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg body weight of EAM were administered orally to group-I, group-II, group-III, group-IV & group-V rats, respectively for 14 days. Biochemical and histopathological studies were established through standard methods. The acute toxicity results suggest the non-toxic nature of the extract supported with the absence of mortality and toxic symptoms until 72 h of observation. The results of sub-acute toxicity study in the extract-treated rats (group-II to group-IV) indicate non-significant changes to the biochemical (total protein, AST, ALT, LDH, albumin, globulin, urea, creatinine, cholesterol, & triglycerides), hematological (Hemoglobin, RBCs, WBCs, platelets, monocytes, lymphocytes, & neutrophils), and histopathological observations when compared to the control group of rats. However, group-V rats were treated with 2000 mg/kg b.w. exhibited statistically significant variations to most of the biochemical and hematological parameters although no mortality/physical toxic signs were reported till the end of the experimental period. Thus, the sub-acute toxicity results suggest that the extracts were non-toxic and safe to rats between 250-2000 mg/kg b.w. concentration under 14 days observational period. Moreover, as there was no mortality upto 2000 mg/kg b.w., 50% lethal dose (LD50) could not be determined, and hence it is considered to be greater than 2000 mg/kg/day.

Sida acuta burm.f belongs to Malvaceae, the mallow family and enjoys tropical and pantropical distribution. The plant is usually known as wireweed in the countryside, and it is highly medicinally valued traditionally and ethnobotanically promised. The species have literature reports on scientific attributes like abortifacient, anthelmintic, diuretic, anti-rheumatic, antipyretic and wound healing properties. The present study is concerned with acute and sub-chronic toxicity evaluation of ethanolic extract of Sida acuta Burm.f leaves in Wistar albino rats. Acute toxicity evaluation was conducted for 14 days. Acute doses of 100, 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg BW were administrated to test groups of animals under consideration on the first day of experimental evaluation with three animals in each of total six groups along with control. For the remaining 13 days, animals were observed for noted behavioural changes and body weight were recorded respectively for 7th and 14th day of experimental analysis. At the end of the trial period, all the animals were euthanised, and various biochemical parameters and histopathological examination were carried out to assess the toxicity of extract. The present study revealed that the ethanolic extract of Sida acuta Burm.f leaves is non-toxic up to 2000mg/kg body weight. Subchronic toxicity evaluation was conducted for 28 days with several doses 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500mg/kg BW. Control rats without any treatment were maintained during the entire period of experimental analysis. The results of subchronic toxicity parameters indicate no significant changes to the biochemical parameters (glucose, urea, uric acid, creatinine, AST, ALT and Cholesterol) haematological and histopathological observation in comparison to the control groups. Based on subchronic toxicity parameters data, effective doses (200 and 400mg/kg BW) is determined for further cancer (colon) study in Wistar albino rats.